Difference between revisions of "Proclus"
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| − | Lat: 16.04°N, Long: 46.82°E, Diam: 26.91 km, Depth: 1.9 km, [ | + | Lat: 16.04°N, Long: 46.82°E, Diam: 26.91 km, Depth: 1.9 km, [[R%C3%BCkl%2026|Rükl: 26]], [[Stratigraphy|Copernican]]<br /> |
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| − | [http://www.lpod.org/coppermine/displayimage.php?pid=2118&fullsize=1 [[Image: | + | [http://www.lpod.org/coppermine/displayimage.php?pid=2118&fullsize=1 [[Image:Normal_proclus2007-04-22a.jpg|external image normal_proclus2007-04-22a.jpg]]]<br /> |
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| − | [http://www.lpod.org/coppermine/displayimage.php?pid=211&fullsize=1 [[Image: | + | [http://www.lpod.org/coppermine/displayimage.php?pid=211&fullsize=1 [[Image:Normal_L-5-3-c.jpg|external image normal_L-5-3-c.jpg]]]<br /> |
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Left: ''[http://lpod.org/coppermine/displayimage.php?pos=-2118 Mario Weigand]'', Right: ''[http://lpod.org/coppermine/displayimage.php?pos=-211 Eric Roel]''<br /> <br /> <div id="toc"> | Left: ''[http://lpod.org/coppermine/displayimage.php?pos=-2118 Mario Weigand]'', Right: ''[http://lpod.org/coppermine/displayimage.php?pos=-211 Eric Roel]''<br /> <br /> <div id="toc"> | ||
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==Images== | ==Images== | ||
[http://www.lpod.org/coppermine/thumbnails.php?album=search&type=full&search=Proclus LPOD Photo Gallery] [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/lunar_orbiter/bin/srch_nam.shtml?Proclus%7C0 Lunar Orbiter Images] [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/apollo/search/feature/?feature=Proclus Apollo Images]<br /> | [http://www.lpod.org/coppermine/thumbnails.php?album=search&type=full&search=Proclus LPOD Photo Gallery] [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/lunar_orbiter/bin/srch_nam.shtml?Proclus%7C0 Lunar Orbiter Images] [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/apollo/search/feature/?feature=Proclus Apollo Images]<br /> | ||
* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a15/AS15-94-12836.jpg AS15-94-12836] shows an orbital high-sun look at '''Proclus''' and its ray system. Research: David Woods (''Apollo 15 Flight Journal''). | * [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a15/AS15-94-12836.jpg AS15-94-12836] shows an orbital high-sun look at '''Proclus''' and its ray system. Research: David Woods (''Apollo 15 Flight Journal''). | ||
| − | * ''[http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/index.html LROC]'' image below - WAC No. [http://wms.lroc.asu.edu/lroc/view_lroc/LRO-L-LROC-2-EDR-V1.0/M119544139ME M119544139ME].<br /> [http://www.lpod.org/coppermine/displayimage.php?pid=4899&fullsize=1 [[Image: | + | * ''[http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/index.html LROC]'' image below - WAC No. [http://wms.lroc.asu.edu/lroc/view_lroc/LRO-L-LROC-2-EDR-V1.0/M119544139ME M119544139ME].<br /> [http://www.lpod.org/coppermine/displayimage.php?pid=4899&fullsize=1 [[Image:Normal_proclus.jpg|external image normal_proclus.jpg]]]<br /> Calibrated by [http://ltvt.wikispaces.com/Utility%20Programs#WAC_Viewer LROC_WAC_Previewer]. |
* '''Proclus''' at the curved lunar horizon, captured by Apollo 10 in orbit around the moon (1969): [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/apollo/frame/?AS10-31-4562 AS10-31-4562], [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/apollo/frame/?AS10-31-4565 4565], and [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/apollo/frame/?AS10-31-4568 4568]. Research Danny Caes | * '''Proclus''' at the curved lunar horizon, captured by Apollo 10 in orbit around the moon (1969): [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/apollo/frame/?AS10-31-4562 AS10-31-4562], [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/apollo/frame/?AS10-31-4565 4565], and [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/apollo/frame/?AS10-31-4568 4568]. Research Danny Caes | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
==Maps== | ==Maps== | ||
| − | ''([ | + | ''([[LAC%20zone|LAC zone]] 43C3)'' [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/mapcatalog/LAC/lac43/ LAC map] [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/mapcatalog/usgs/I799/ Geologic map] [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/mapcatalog/LTO/lto43c3_1/ LTO map]<br /> |
* IAU page: [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/4827 Proclus] | * IAU page: [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/4827 Proclus] | ||
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The most striking feature of Proclus is its non-continuous distribution of rays. A zone of avoidance to the east-south east is so pronouncedly dark that it Riccioli named it Palus Somni. Actually, Proclus formed by such an oblique impact, with the projectile coming from the east-southeast, that no rays were emplaced in the uprange direction, creating the Somni zone of avoidance.<br /> <br /> | The most striking feature of Proclus is its non-continuous distribution of rays. A zone of avoidance to the east-south east is so pronouncedly dark that it Riccioli named it Palus Somni. Actually, Proclus formed by such an oblique impact, with the projectile coming from the east-southeast, that no rays were emplaced in the uprange direction, creating the Somni zone of avoidance.<br /> <br /> | ||
==Description: Elger== | ==Description: Elger== | ||
| − | ''([ | + | ''([[IAU%20directions|IAU Directions]])'' PROCLUS.--One of the most brilliant objects on the moon's visible surface, and hence extremely difficult to observe satisfactorily. It is about 18 miles in diameter, with very steep walls, and, according to Schmidt, has a small crater on its west border, where Madler shows a break. It is questionable whether there is a central mountain. It is the centre of a number of radiating light streaks which partly traverse the [[Mare%20Crisium|Mare Crisium]], and with those emanating from [[Picard|Picard]], [[Peirce|Peirce]], and other objects thereon, form a very complicated system.<br /> <br /> |
==Description: Wikipedia== | ==Description: Wikipedia== | ||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proclus_%28crater%29 Proclus]<br /> <br /> | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proclus_%28crater%29 Proclus]<br /> <br /> | ||
==Additional Information== | ==Additional Information== | ||
| − | * Depth data from [ | + | * Depth data from [[Kurt%20Fisher%20Crater%20Depths|Kurt Fisher database]] |
** Pike, 1976: 1.9 km | ** Pike, 1976: 1.9 km | ||
** Westfall, 2000: 4.04 km | ** Westfall, 2000: 4.04 km | ||
** Viscardy, 1985: 2.4 km | ** Viscardy, 1985: 2.4 km | ||
** Cherrington, 1969: 3.62 km | ** Cherrington, 1969: 3.62 km | ||
| − | * East rim slope 29° ([ | + | * East rim slope 29° ([[Pohn%2C%201963|Pohn, 1963]]) |
| − | * Exterior impact melt deposits most extensive to SW ([ | + | * Exterior impact melt deposits most extensive to SW ([[Hawke%20and%20Head%2C%201977|Hawke and Head, 1977]]). |
| − | * Thermal anomaly crater, implying youthful age - [ | + | * Thermal anomaly crater, implying youthful age - [[Moore%20et%20al%2C%201980|Moore et al, 1980]] |
| − | * Included in [ | + | * Included in [[ALPO%20list%20of%20bright%20ray%20craters|ALPO list of bright ray craters]] |
| − | * Proclus and its satellite craters A, D, G and J are on the [ | + | * Proclus and its satellite craters A, D, G and J are on the [[ALPO%20list%20of%20banded%20craters|ALPO list of banded craters]] |
* Ejecta blanket with forbidden zone suggest impact angle of 10°-15°, and downrange rim height is 1 km compared to 250 m for uprange section ([http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/LPSC98/pdf/1691.pdf Forsberg, Herrick & Bussey, 1998]). | * Ejecta blanket with forbidden zone suggest impact angle of 10°-15°, and downrange rim height is 1 km compared to 250 m for uprange section ([http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/LPSC98/pdf/1691.pdf Forsberg, Herrick & Bussey, 1998]). | ||
| − | * '''Proclus''' is an interesting target to observe possible reflected light on its shadowed eastern inner slopes, this during the moon's Waxing Crescent phase (one or two terrestrial days after the local sunrise at '''Proclus''').<span class="membersnap">- | + | * '''Proclus''' is an interesting target to observe possible reflected light on its shadowed eastern inner slopes, this during the moon's Waxing Crescent phase (one or two terrestrial days after the local sunrise at '''Proclus''').<span class="membersnap">- DannyCaes <small>Apr 27, 2009</small></span> See also [[High-Albedo%20inner%20slopes|High-Albedo inner slopes and reflected light]] |
| − | * TSI = 20, CPI = 5, FI = 20; MI =45 [ | + | * TSI = 20, CPI = 5, FI = 20; MI =45 [[Smith%20and%20Sanchez%2C%201973|Smith and Hartnell, 1973]] |
* V.A. Firsoff noticed a sudden brightening of '''Proclus''' on the 8th of September 1954 (about 20h U.T.), as observed through a blue Dufay tricolour separation filter (source: ''The Old Moon and the New'', V.A. Firsoff, page 183). | * V.A. Firsoff noticed a sudden brightening of '''Proclus''' on the 8th of September 1954 (about 20h U.T.), as observed through a blue Dufay tricolour separation filter (source: ''The Old Moon and the New'', V.A. Firsoff, page 183). | ||
* R. Parry and others observed variations in the shape of the northwestern ray of '''Proclus''', see page 160 in Volume 1 of T.W. Webb's ''Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes''. | * R. Parry and others observed variations in the shape of the northwestern ray of '''Proclus''', see page 160 in Volume 1 of T.W. Webb's ''Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes''. | ||
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==Nomenclature== | ==Nomenclature== | ||
| − | * Named for [ | + | * Named for [[Proclus%20Lycaeus|Proclus Lycaeus]] (February 8, 412 – April 17, 485), surnamed "The Successor" or "Diadochos", a Greek Neoplatonist philosopher, one of the last major Greek philosophers. Also, an astronomer - he is reported to have made "the last astronomical observation in the ancient Greek world in AD 475." C. Freeman (2002) ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51306061 The Closing of the Western Mind]'', p. XIX. <span class="membersnap">- tychocrater <small>Jul 26, 2007</small></span> |
| − | * According to [ | + | * According to [[Whitaker|Whitaker]] (p. 196), this crater was labeled '''Puteani''' by [[Langrenus|Van Langren]]; and later apparently labeled '''Mons Corax''' by [[Hevelius|Hevelius]] (p. 203), who depicted it with a ring of peaks on his nomenclature map, but Hevelius seems to have repeated the same name to the south, near the northeast shore of the modern [[Mare%20Fecunditatis|Mare Fecunditatis]], so it unclear exactly what he meant by it. |
| − | * The present name was introduced on [ | + | * The present name was introduced on [[Riccioli|Riccioli]]'s map ([[Whitaker|Whitaker]], p. 214), and has continued unchanged since then. |
| − | * Near '''Proclus P''' is the site of the so-called '''''O'Neill's Bridge''''' (see [ | + | * Near '''Proclus P''' is the site of the so-called '''''O'Neill's Bridge''''' (see [[Promontorium%20Olivium|Olivium]]). |
* Also somewhere in this vicinity should be a couple of surface formations which were once called '''''Flying eagle''''' and '''''Eagle gate'''''. These two nicknames appeared in the article ''<u>Illusions that Trap Lunar Observers</u>'' by Leland S. Copeland; ''<u>Sky and Telescope</u>'' April 1956, pages 248-251. Research Danny Caes. | * Also somewhere in this vicinity should be a couple of surface formations which were once called '''''Flying eagle''''' and '''''Eagle gate'''''. These two nicknames appeared in the article ''<u>Illusions that Trap Lunar Observers</u>'' by Leland S. Copeland; ''<u>Sky and Telescope</u>'' April 1956, pages 248-251. Research Danny Caes. | ||
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[http://www2.lpod.org/wiki/January_31,_2006 Incoming]<br /> <br /> | [http://www2.lpod.org/wiki/January_31,_2006 Incoming]<br /> <br /> | ||
==Lunar 100== | ==Lunar 100== | ||
| − | [ | + | [[Lunar%20100|L12]]: Oblique-impact rays.<br /> <br /> |
==Lettered Craters== | ==Lettered Craters== | ||
| − | [[Image: | + | [[Image:Proclus-letter.jpg|proclus-letter.jpg]]<br /> Mosaic image of [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Lunar/lac_43_lo.pdf LAC 43] and [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Lunar/lac_61_lo.pdf LAC 61]. Excerpt from the ''[http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/dAtlas.html USGS Digital Atlas of the Moon]''.<br /> <br /> |
==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
| − | * "Bridge of O'Neill": [ | + | * "Bridge of O'Neill": [[Wilkins%20and%20Moore|The Moon]] by H.P. Wilkins and P.Moore. |
* APOLLO OVER THE MOON; A VIEW FROM ORBIT, Chapter 5: Craters ([http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-362/ch5.4.htm Part 4]), Figure 147. | * APOLLO OVER THE MOON; A VIEW FROM ORBIT, Chapter 5: Craters ([http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-362/ch5.4.htm Part 4]), Figure 147. | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
---- | ---- | ||
| − | [ | + | [[Alphabetical%20Index|Named Featues]] -- Prev: [[Oceanus%20Procellarum|Oceanus Procellarum]] -- Next: [[Proctor|Proctor]]<br /> |
---- | ---- | ||
| − | + | </div> | |
Latest revision as of 02:10, 16 April 2018
Contents
Proclus
|
Lat: 16.04°N, Long: 46.82°E, Diam: 26.91 km, Depth: 1.9 km, Rükl: 26, Copernican | |
Images
LPOD Photo Gallery Lunar Orbiter Images Apollo Images
- AS15-94-12836 shows an orbital high-sun look at Proclus and its ray system. Research: David Woods (Apollo 15 Flight Journal).
- LROC image below - WAC No. M119544139ME.
Calibrated by LROC_WAC_Previewer. - Proclus at the curved lunar horizon, captured by Apollo 10 in orbit around the moon (1969): AS10-31-4562, 4565, and 4568. Research Danny Caes
Maps
(LAC zone 43C3) LAC map Geologic map LTO map
- IAU page: Proclus
Description
The most striking feature of Proclus is its non-continuous distribution of rays. A zone of avoidance to the east-south east is so pronouncedly dark that it Riccioli named it Palus Somni. Actually, Proclus formed by such an oblique impact, with the projectile coming from the east-southeast, that no rays were emplaced in the uprange direction, creating the Somni zone of avoidance.
Description: Elger
(IAU Directions) PROCLUS.--One of the most brilliant objects on the moon's visible surface, and hence extremely difficult to observe satisfactorily. It is about 18 miles in diameter, with very steep walls, and, according to Schmidt, has a small crater on its west border, where Madler shows a break. It is questionable whether there is a central mountain. It is the centre of a number of radiating light streaks which partly traverse the Mare Crisium, and with those emanating from Picard, Peirce, and other objects thereon, form a very complicated system.
Description: Wikipedia
Additional Information
- Depth data from Kurt Fisher database
- Pike, 1976: 1.9 km
- Westfall, 2000: 4.04 km
- Viscardy, 1985: 2.4 km
- Cherrington, 1969: 3.62 km
- East rim slope 29° (Pohn, 1963)
- Exterior impact melt deposits most extensive to SW (Hawke and Head, 1977).
- Thermal anomaly crater, implying youthful age - Moore et al, 1980
- Included in ALPO list of bright ray craters
- Proclus and its satellite craters A, D, G and J are on the ALPO list of banded craters
- Ejecta blanket with forbidden zone suggest impact angle of 10°-15°, and downrange rim height is 1 km compared to 250 m for uprange section (Forsberg, Herrick & Bussey, 1998).
- Proclus is an interesting target to observe possible reflected light on its shadowed eastern inner slopes, this during the moon's Waxing Crescent phase (one or two terrestrial days after the local sunrise at Proclus).- DannyCaes Apr 27, 2009 See also High-Albedo inner slopes and reflected light
- TSI = 20, CPI = 5, FI = 20; MI =45 Smith and Hartnell, 1973
- V.A. Firsoff noticed a sudden brightening of Proclus on the 8th of September 1954 (about 20h U.T.), as observed through a blue Dufay tricolour separation filter (source: The Old Moon and the New, V.A. Firsoff, page 183).
- R. Parry and others observed variations in the shape of the northwestern ray of Proclus, see page 160 in Volume 1 of T.W. Webb's Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes.
Nomenclature
- Named for Proclus Lycaeus (February 8, 412 – April 17, 485), surnamed "The Successor" or "Diadochos", a Greek Neoplatonist philosopher, one of the last major Greek philosophers. Also, an astronomer - he is reported to have made "the last astronomical observation in the ancient Greek world in AD 475." C. Freeman (2002) The Closing of the Western Mind, p. XIX. - tychocrater Jul 26, 2007
- According to Whitaker (p. 196), this crater was labeled Puteani by Van Langren; and later apparently labeled Mons Corax by Hevelius (p. 203), who depicted it with a ring of peaks on his nomenclature map, but Hevelius seems to have repeated the same name to the south, near the northeast shore of the modern Mare Fecunditatis, so it unclear exactly what he meant by it.
- The present name was introduced on Riccioli's map (Whitaker, p. 214), and has continued unchanged since then.
- Near Proclus P is the site of the so-called O'Neill's Bridge (see Olivium).
- Also somewhere in this vicinity should be a couple of surface formations which were once called Flying eagle and Eagle gate. These two nicknames appeared in the article Illusions that Trap Lunar Observers by Leland S. Copeland; Sky and Telescope April 1956, pages 248-251. Research Danny Caes.
LPOD Articles
Lunar 100
L12: Oblique-impact rays.
Lettered Craters
Mosaic image of LAC 43 and LAC 61. Excerpt from the USGS Digital Atlas of the Moon.
Bibliography
- "Bridge of O'Neill": The Moon by H.P. Wilkins and P.Moore.
- APOLLO OVER THE MOON; A VIEW FROM ORBIT, Chapter 5: Craters (Part 4), Figure 147.
Named Featues -- Prev: Oceanus Procellarum -- Next: Proctor
