Difference between revisions of "King"
(Created page with "<div id="content_view" class="wiki" style="display: block"> =King= {| class="wiki_table" | Lat: 5.04°N, Long: 120.43°E, Diam: 77.55 km, Depth: 4.15 km, Rükl: ''(farside...") |
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| − | Lat: 5.04°N, Long: 120.43°E, Diam: 77.55 km, Depth: 4.15 km, Rükl: ''(farside)'', [ | + | Lat: 5.04°N, Long: 120.43°E, Diam: 77.55 km, Depth: 4.15 km, Rükl: ''(farside)'', [[Stratigraphy|Copernican]]<br /> |
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| − | + | [http://www.lpod.org/coppermine/displayimage.php?pid=220&fullsize=1 [[Image:Normal_King%20AS16-M-1181.jpg|external image normal_King%20AS16-M-1181.jpg]]]<br /> ''Apollo 16 image [http://lpod.org/coppermine/displayimage.php?pos=-220 AS16-M-1181 HR]''; north to right.<br /> <br /> | |
| − | |||
==Images== | ==Images== | ||
[http://www.lpod.org/coppermine/thumbnails.php?album=search&type=full&search=King LPOD Photo Gallery] [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/lunar_orbiter/bin/srch_nam.shtml?King%7C0 Lunar Orbiter Images] [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/apollo/search/feature/?feature=King Apollo Images][http://apollo.sese.asu.edu/LIW/20081118.html ASU Apollo Image Archive]<br /> | [http://www.lpod.org/coppermine/thumbnails.php?album=search&type=full&search=King LPOD Photo Gallery] [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/lunar_orbiter/bin/srch_nam.shtml?King%7C0 Lunar Orbiter Images] [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/apollo/search/feature/?feature=King Apollo Images][http://apollo.sese.asu.edu/LIW/20081118.html ASU Apollo Image Archive]<br /> | ||
| − | * The first four orbital Hasselblads in Apollo 11's Magazine 44-V, of which [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a11/AS11-44-6543.jpg AS11-44-6543] is the last one of the four, show crater '''King''' without shadows (illuminated by high sun). The curious object between '''King''' and the image's lower left corner is one of the four exhaust nozzle clusters of LM ''Eagle'''s Ascent Stage. Compare this high-sun photograph with page 130 (LAC 65) in the ''[ | + | * The first four orbital Hasselblads in Apollo 11's Magazine 44-V, of which [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a11/AS11-44-6543.jpg AS11-44-6543] is the last one of the four, show crater '''King''' without shadows (illuminated by high sun). The curious object between '''King''' and the image's lower left corner is one of the four exhaust nozzle clusters of LM ''Eagle'''s Ascent Stage. Compare this high-sun photograph with page 130 (LAC 65) in the ''[[Clementine%20Atlas|Clementine Atlas]]''. <span class="membersnap">- DannyCaes <small>Dec 25, 2007</small></span> |
* [http://www3.nhk.or.jp/kaguya/archive/original/kaguya024.jpg Kaguya Image (high sun)] | * [http://www3.nhk.or.jp/kaguya/archive/original/kaguya024.jpg Kaguya Image (high sun)] | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
==Maps== | ==Maps== | ||
| − | ''([ | + | ''([[LAC%20zone|LAC zone]] 65C1)'' [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/mapcatalog/LTO/lto65c1_1/ LTO map] [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/mapcatalog/topophoto/65C1S1/ Topophotomap - King Central Peaks] [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/mapcatalog/topophoto/65D2S1/ Topophotomap - King North Flank ]([[Al-Tusi|King Y]])<br /> <br /> |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
| − | '''King''' is one of the youngest large (77 km diameter) craters on the lunar farside. From Clementine [http://pdsmaps.wr.usgs.gov/explorer-bin/mapmars4.cgi?WHEREFROM=PZ&VERSION=INTERMEDIATE&DATA_SET_NAME=moon_clementine_ratio&PIXEL_TYPE=BIT8&SCALE=pixels/degree&PROJECTION=SINUSOIDAL&RESOLUTION=8&RESAMP_METHOD=NEAREST_NEIGHBOR&BANDS_SELECTED=%223,2,1%22&FORMAT=JPEG&LONBOX=64&LATBOX=64&GRIDLINE_FREQUENCY=none&STRETCH=AUTO&LAT=5&LON=122&LINE=512&SAMP=512 images] it appears that '''King''' is in a ray system, but it is not clear where the rays originate. '''King''''s very fresh terraces convincingly show how wall rock cascaded downslope, mostly as giant arcuate blocks, and as rubble piles near the crater floor. The lobster claw-shaped central peak may simply be a roughly circular peak whose southern edge was overlapped by a massive lobe of slumped wall rubble. To the north (top) a pre-existing crater is full of a smooth dark material. During the [ | + | '''King''' is one of the youngest large (77 km diameter) craters on the lunar farside. From Clementine [http://pdsmaps.wr.usgs.gov/explorer-bin/mapmars4.cgi?WHEREFROM=PZ&VERSION=INTERMEDIATE&DATA_SET_NAME=moon_clementine_ratio&PIXEL_TYPE=BIT8&SCALE=pixels/degree&PROJECTION=SINUSOIDAL&RESOLUTION=8&RESAMP_METHOD=NEAREST_NEIGHBOR&BANDS_SELECTED=%223,2,1%22&FORMAT=JPEG&LONBOX=64&LATBOX=64&GRIDLINE_FREQUENCY=none&STRETCH=AUTO&LAT=5&LON=122&LINE=512&SAMP=512 images] it appears that '''King''' is in a ray system, but it is not clear where the rays originate. '''King''''s very fresh terraces convincingly show how wall rock cascaded downslope, mostly as giant arcuate blocks, and as rubble piles near the crater floor. The lobster claw-shaped central peak may simply be a roughly circular peak whose southern edge was overlapped by a massive lobe of slumped wall rubble. To the north (top) a pre-existing crater is full of a smooth dark material. During the [[Apollo%20program|Apollo period]] it was sometimes thought that this smooth material (which is also on the bottom left part of the crater floor) was volcanic, but it is now regarded more likely to be rocks melted by the energy of impact. [Similar, but smaller ponds of impact melt are visible telescopically to the north of [[Theophilus|Theophilus]].] Notice that the northern rim of '''King''' is not as well defined as most of the rest of the rim, and [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/mapcatalog/LTO/lto65c1_1/ LTO charts] show that the north rim is 2.5 to 3 km lower than most other parts of the rim. '''King''' was probably formed by an oblique impact, with the bolide coming from the south. This might account for the N-S alignment of the central peaks, the deposit of rubble from the south rim onto the central peaks, the low northern rim, and the pond of impact melt to the north. <span class="membersnap">- tychocrater <small>Jul 11, 2007</small></span> (from [http://www2.lpod.org/wiki/June_26,_2006 LPOD], June 26, 2006)<br /> <br /> |
==Description Wikipedia== | ==Description Wikipedia== | ||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_%28crater%29 King]<br /> <br /> | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_%28crater%29 King]<br /> <br /> | ||
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* IAU page: [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3037 King] | * IAU page: [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3037 King] | ||
| − | * Depth data from [ | + | * Depth data from [[Kurt%20Fisher%20Crater%20Depths|Kurt Fisher database]] |
** Pike, 1976: 4.15 km | ** Pike, 1976: 4.15 km | ||
| − | * [ | + | * [[Central%20peak%20composition|Central peak composition]]: GNTA2 & AGN ([[Tompkins%20%26%20Pieters%2C%201999|Tompkins & Pieters, 1999]]) |
* Crater has best impact melt deposits on Moon. | * Crater has best impact melt deposits on Moon. | ||
* Dark collar (impact melt like Tycho) most evident to N, width 0.8 crater diameter. [Kirata et al LPSC 30: 1350] | * Dark collar (impact melt like Tycho) most evident to N, width 0.8 crater diameter. [Kirata et al LPSC 30: 1350] | ||
| − | * Exterior impact melt deposits most extensive to NE, max of ~30 km beyond rim. Most extensive ejecta, rays and secondary craters to the NNW, with max wall slumping on SSE side of crater, and topographically lowest rim crest to S & NE ([ | + | * Exterior impact melt deposits most extensive to NE, max of ~30 km beyond rim. Most extensive ejecta, rays and secondary craters to the NNW, with max wall slumping on SSE side of crater, and topographically lowest rim crest to S & NE ([[Hawke%20and%20Head%2C%201977|Hawke and Head, 1977]]). |
| − | * The '''King''' impact melt is a Tier 1 Constellation [ | + | * The '''King''' impact melt is a Tier 1 Constellation [[ROI%20-%20King%20Crater|Region of Interest]]. |
* According to Wikipedia, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_2 Lunar Orbiter 2] impacted between '''King''' and '''Ctesibius''' (3° North/ 119.1° East). The pinpoint location of Lunar Orbiter 2's impact craterlet was confirmed by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). | * According to Wikipedia, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_2 Lunar Orbiter 2] impacted between '''King''' and '''Ctesibius''' (3° North/ 119.1° East). The pinpoint location of Lunar Orbiter 2's impact craterlet was confirmed by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Scott_King Arthur Scott King] (January 18, 1876 – April 17, 1957) was an American physicist and astrophysicist. He was offered a position at Mt. Wilson Observatory in 1907. He spent much of the remainder of his career studying the spectra of elements and molecules, with particular focus on rare earth elements. He also performed studies of meteors, including their spectra and directional paths. | ** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Scott_King Arthur Scott King] (January 18, 1876 – April 17, 1957) was an American physicist and astrophysicist. He was offered a position at Mt. Wilson Observatory in 1907. He spent much of the remainder of his career studying the spectra of elements and molecules, with particular focus on rare earth elements. He also performed studies of meteors, including their spectra and directional paths. | ||
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Skinner_King Edward Skinner King] (1861-1931) was an American astronomer. In 1887 he joined the staff of the Harvard Observatory, where he supervised the photographic imaging and related work. He became a pioneer and authority on the process of photographic photometry. In 1912 he noticed that some types of films appeared to perform better during the winter months, which led to the use of the so-called "cold camera" where the temperature is lowered to around -40° C. | ** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Skinner_King Edward Skinner King] (1861-1931) was an American astronomer. In 1887 he joined the staff of the Harvard Observatory, where he supervised the photographic imaging and related work. He became a pioneer and authority on the process of photographic photometry. In 1912 he noticed that some types of films appeared to perform better during the winter months, which led to the use of the so-called "cold camera" where the temperature is lowered to around -40° C. | ||
| − | * Three portions of the central peaks were assigned separate IAU-approved names on [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/mapcatalog/topophoto/65C1S1/ Topophotomap 65C1/S1]: [ | + | * Three portions of the central peaks were assigned separate IAU-approved names on [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/mapcatalog/topophoto/65C1S1/ Topophotomap 65C1/S1]: [[Mons%20Andr%C3%A9|Mons André]] (eastern complex), [[Mons%20Dieter|Mons Dieter]] (western complex) and [[Mons%20Ganau|Mons Ganau]] (southern complex). In addition a fresh crater on what appears to be landslide flowing into [[Mons%20Ganau|Mons Ganau]] was given the name [[Sita|Sita]]. Finally, one of the elevated areas on the eastern floor was given the name [[Mons%20Ardeshir|Mons Ardeshir]], and one of several oddly-shaded peaks or crater-cones north of that was named [[Mons%20Dilip|Mons Dilip]]. |
* Is '''King''' the only crater on the moon which received several official names for its odd-shaped system of central peaks? | * Is '''King''' the only crater on the moon which received several official names for its odd-shaped system of central peaks? | ||
| − | * Running over '''King''', from 1° North/ 121° East to 10° North/ 119° East, should be a surface formation which was once called "'''Rupes Sibericus'''" in [ | + | * Running over '''King''', from 1° North/ 121° East to 10° North/ 119° East, should be a surface formation which was once called "'''Rupes Sibericus'''" in [[Apollo%2017%20Site|Apollo 17 Preliminary Science Report]]. |
| − | * Heather, D.J. & Dunkin, S.K (2003) use the name A1-Tusi for a discrete object other than King: 'The main pool in the pre-existing A1-Tusi crater has a minimum depth of 150 m'. Is this a typographic error for [ | + | * Heather, D.J. & Dunkin, S.K (2003) use the name A1-Tusi for a discrete object other than King: 'The main pool in the pre-existing A1-Tusi crater has a minimum depth of 150 m'. Is this a typographic error for [[Al-Tusi|Al-Tusi]] or something else? I cannot tell from the abstract.<span class="membersnap">- astrokat <small>Aug 10, 2010</small></span> |
<br /> | <br /> | ||
==LROC Articles== | ==LROC Articles== | ||
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==LPOD Articles== | ==LPOD Articles== | ||
| − | * [http:// | + | * [http://www2.lpod.org/wiki/June_26,_2006 King of the Farside] |
| − | * [http:// | + | * [http://www2.lpod.org/wiki/January_19,_2004 King of the Craters] |
* [http://lpod.wikispaces.com/January%2019%2C%202009 Happy Birthday Martin] | * [http://lpod.wikispaces.com/January%2019%2C%202009 Happy Birthday Martin] | ||
* [http://lpod.wikispaces.com/September%2029%2C%202010 King for a Day] | * [http://lpod.wikispaces.com/September%2029%2C%202010 King for a Day] | ||
| Line 58: | Line 57: | ||
==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
| − | * King's northern flank ("weird terrain"): [ | + | * King's northern flank ("weird terrain"): [[Guest%20and%20Greeley|Guest and Greeley]]''Geologie auf dem Mond'', seite 124, abbildung 6.11. (NASA Apollo 16 panoramic frame 5000). |
| − | * Heather, D.J. & Dunkin, S.K., 2003. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Icar..163..307H Geology and stratigraphy of King crater, lunar farside]. ''Icarus'', 163(2), 307-329. <span class="membersnap">- | + | * Heather, D.J. & Dunkin, S.K., 2003. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Icar..163..307H Geology and stratigraphy of King crater, lunar farside]. ''Icarus'', 163(2), 307-329. <span class="membersnap">- astrokat <small>Aug 10, 2010</small></span> |
| − | * Note: there's a lot to read about King and its environs in [ | + | * Note: there's a lot to read about King and its environs in [[NASA%20SP-362|Apollo Over the Moon]], Chapter 5: Craters ([http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-362/ch5.4.htm Part 4]); Figures 149, 150, 151. ([http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-362/ch5.5.htm Part 5]); Figures 152 to 163. |
| − | <br /> '''A certain King in the Sourcebook Project (William R. Corliss)'''<br /> - On page 586 of the book ''Mysterious Universe, a handbook of astronomical anomalies'' (1979), a certain King is mentioned in the article '''The Extra-Galactic Ferment''' (Mosaic, 1978). Is this King one of the two mentioned above in the section '''Nomenclature'''? <span class="membersnap">- | + | <br /> '''A certain King in the Sourcebook Project (William R. Corliss)'''<br /> - On page 586 of the book ''Mysterious Universe, a handbook of astronomical anomalies'' (1979), a certain King is mentioned in the article '''The Extra-Galactic Ferment''' (Mosaic, 1978). Is this King one of the two mentioned above in the section '''Nomenclature'''? <span class="membersnap">- DannyCaes <small>Mar 7, 2015</small></span><br /> |
---- | ---- | ||
| − | [ | + | [[Alphabetical%20Index|Named Features]] -- Prev: [[Kinau|Kinau]] -- Next: [[Kira|Kira]]<br /> |
---- | ---- | ||
| − | + | </div> | |
Latest revision as of 20:19, 16 April 2018
Contents
King
|
Lat: 5.04°N, Long: 120.43°E, Diam: 77.55 km, Depth: 4.15 km, Rükl: (farside), Copernican |
Apollo 16 image AS16-M-1181 HR; north to right.
Images
LPOD Photo Gallery Lunar Orbiter Images Apollo ImagesASU Apollo Image Archive
- The first four orbital Hasselblads in Apollo 11's Magazine 44-V, of which AS11-44-6543 is the last one of the four, show crater King' without shadows (illuminated by high sun). The curious object between King and the image's lower left corner is one of the four exhaust nozzle clusters of LM Eagles Ascent Stage. Compare this high-sun photograph with page 130 (LAC 65) in the Clementine Atlas. - DannyCaes Dec 25, 2007
- Kaguya Image (high sun)
Maps
(LAC zone 65C1) LTO map Topophotomap - King Central Peaks Topophotomap - King North Flank (King Y)
Description
King is one of the youngest large (77 km diameter) craters on the lunar farside. From Clementine images it appears that King is in a ray system, but it is not clear where the rays originate. King's very fresh terraces convincingly show how wall rock cascaded downslope, mostly as giant arcuate blocks, and as rubble piles near the crater floor. The lobster claw-shaped central peak may simply be a roughly circular peak whose southern edge was overlapped by a massive lobe of slumped wall rubble. To the north (top) a pre-existing crater is full of a smooth dark material. During the Apollo period it was sometimes thought that this smooth material (which is also on the bottom left part of the crater floor) was volcanic, but it is now regarded more likely to be rocks melted by the energy of impact. [Similar, but smaller ponds of impact melt are visible telescopically to the north of Theophilus.] Notice that the northern rim of King is not as well defined as most of the rest of the rim, and LTO charts show that the north rim is 2.5 to 3 km lower than most other parts of the rim. King was probably formed by an oblique impact, with the bolide coming from the south. This might account for the N-S alignment of the central peaks, the deposit of rubble from the south rim onto the central peaks, the low northern rim, and the pond of impact melt to the north. - tychocrater Jul 11, 2007 (from LPOD, June 26, 2006)
Description Wikipedia
Additional Information
- IAU page: King
- Depth data from Kurt Fisher database
- Pike, 1976: 4.15 km
- Central peak composition: GNTA2 & AGN (Tompkins & Pieters, 1999)
- Crater has best impact melt deposits on Moon.
- Dark collar (impact melt like Tycho) most evident to N, width 0.8 crater diameter. [Kirata et al LPSC 30: 1350]
- Exterior impact melt deposits most extensive to NE, max of ~30 km beyond rim. Most extensive ejecta, rays and secondary craters to the NNW, with max wall slumping on SSE side of crater, and topographically lowest rim crest to S & NE (Hawke and Head, 1977).
- The King impact melt is a Tier 1 Constellation Region of Interest.
- According to Wikipedia, Lunar Orbiter 2 impacted between King and Ctesibius (3° North/ 119.1° East). The pinpoint location of Lunar Orbiter 2's impact craterlet was confirmed by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO).
Nomenclature
- The crater is named for two people:
- Arthur Scott King (January 18, 1876 – April 17, 1957) was an American physicist and astrophysicist. He was offered a position at Mt. Wilson Observatory in 1907. He spent much of the remainder of his career studying the spectra of elements and molecules, with particular focus on rare earth elements. He also performed studies of meteors, including their spectra and directional paths.
- Edward Skinner King (1861-1931) was an American astronomer. In 1887 he joined the staff of the Harvard Observatory, where he supervised the photographic imaging and related work. He became a pioneer and authority on the process of photographic photometry. In 1912 he noticed that some types of films appeared to perform better during the winter months, which led to the use of the so-called "cold camera" where the temperature is lowered to around -40° C.
- Three portions of the central peaks were assigned separate IAU-approved names on Topophotomap 65C1/S1: Mons André (eastern complex), Mons Dieter (western complex) and Mons Ganau (southern complex). In addition a fresh crater on what appears to be landslide flowing into Mons Ganau was given the name Sita. Finally, one of the elevated areas on the eastern floor was given the name Mons Ardeshir, and one of several oddly-shaded peaks or crater-cones north of that was named Mons Dilip.
- Is King the only crater on the moon which received several official names for its odd-shaped system of central peaks?
- Running over King, from 1° North/ 121° East to 10° North/ 119° East, should be a surface formation which was once called "Rupes Sibericus" in Apollo 17 Preliminary Science Report.
- Heather, D.J. & Dunkin, S.K (2003) use the name A1-Tusi for a discrete object other than King: 'The main pool in the pre-existing A1-Tusi crater has a minimum depth of 150 m'. Is this a typographic error for Al-Tusi or something else? I cannot tell from the abstract.- astrokat Aug 10, 2010
LROC Articles
- Fault Scarp With Impact Melt in King Crater
- King Crater Ejecta Deposits
- Anomalous Mounds on the King Crater Floor
- Natural Bridge on the Moon!
- King Crater's Unusual Melt Pond
LPOD Articles
Bibliography
- King's northern flank ("weird terrain"): Guest and GreeleyGeologie auf dem Mond, seite 124, abbildung 6.11. (NASA Apollo 16 panoramic frame 5000).
- Heather, D.J. & Dunkin, S.K., 2003. Geology and stratigraphy of King crater, lunar farside. Icarus, 163(2), 307-329. - astrokat Aug 10, 2010
- Note: there's a lot to read about King and its environs in Apollo Over the Moon, Chapter 5: Craters (Part 4); Figures 149, 150, 151. (Part 5); Figures 152 to 163.
A certain King in the Sourcebook Project (William R. Corliss)
- On page 586 of the book Mysterious Universe, a handbook of astronomical anomalies (1979), a certain King is mentioned in the article The Extra-Galactic Ferment (Mosaic, 1978). Is this King one of the two mentioned above in the section Nomenclature? - DannyCaes Mar 7, 2015
Named Features -- Prev: Kinau -- Next: Kira
