Revision as of 19:15, 11 April 2018

Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex

Lat: 44.5°N, Long: 80.0°W, Diam: 90 km, Depth: 2.2 km, Rükl: 8

LOIV-189-H2 The IAU's Gerard is the complex, three-part enclosure in the center of this Lunar Orbiter view, which has north at about 11 o'clock. Directly above Gerard the dark-floored snowman shape consists of 27-km Gerard C and an unnamed crater above that. On the left, the sharp, deeply shadowed crater is Gerard A . The dark lava-flooded 60-km diameter feature partially visible in the upper left corner is one of two lettered craters known as Gerard Q. This one is officially called "Gerard Q Inner" to distinguish it from the much larger 190-km "Gerard Q Outer", which is more or less concentric with the former, and cuts through Gerard a little to the southwest of Gerard A, sharply truncating the "primary" crater's rim. The rille to the west of this point (to the lower left of Gerard A) is probably part of Rimae Gerard. The crater chain in the hills below it is not named.

Images

LPOD Photo Gallery Lunar Orbiter Images

Maps

(LAC zone 22A1) USGS Digital Atlas PDF

Description

Description: Elger

(IAU Directions) GERARD.--A large enclosure close to the limb, still farther N., containing a long ridge and a crater.

Description: Wikipedia

Gerard

Additional Information

Depth data from Kurt Fisher database

Viscardy, 1985: 2.2 km

Nomenclature

Named for Alexander Gerard (February 22, 1728 - February 22, 1795), a philosophical writer and Professor of Natural Philosophy. As a professor he introduced various reforms.
According to Whitaker (p. 219), this name was introduced by Mädler and adopted into the original IAU nomenclature with his spelling: Gérard. At the insistence of Gerard Kuiper the accent was removed from the "e" in the early 1960's. - JimMosher JimMosher
The odd IAU naming of two of the satellite features of Gerard as Gerard Q Outer and Gerard Q Inner seems to have arisen in the System of Lunar Craters (1961-1966) where two craters, one inside the other, were both labeled with the letter "Q". This seems to have been intentional, for according to Chuck Wood they are listed as "inner" and "outer" in the Communications of the LPL tables that accompanied the maps, where they are given diameters of 60 and 177 km. Was this meant to define Gerard Q as an annular zone?? The "inner"-"outer" notation was also used on NASA's Lunar Polar Map LMP-3 (1976), where the map makers seem to regard these as two separate features distinguished as Gerard Q (inner) and Gerard Q (outer). A similar notation, but with the parenthesis omitted, was used (again without further explanation) to distinguish the two listings when NASA's RP-1097 catalog was issued in 1982, however the diameters are given there as 7 and 18 km, which seems a factor of 10 smaller than the sizes illustrated on the SLC and LMP maps. Because the names, positions and diameters of lettered craters listed in the on-line IAU Planetary Gazetteer are based on RP-1097 (rather than the previously IAU-approved System of Lunar Craters) this error(?) is perpetuated there. - JimMosher JimMosher
Gerard Q inner was misprinted as GERALD Q INNER (with "L") on LAC 22 (page 45) in the Revised and Updated Edition of the Clementine Atlas of the Moon (Cambridge University Press, 2012).- DannyCaes DannyCaes Jan 7, 2013
The same mistake (Gerald, with "l") was made on page 69 (chart 28) in the 21st Century Atlas of the Moon (2012).- DannyCaes DannyCaes Jan 23, 2013

LPOD Articles

Sheet 8

Bibliography

This page has been edited 1 times. The last modification was made by - tychocrater tychocrater on Jun 13, 2009 3:24 pm - afx3u2

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {| class="wiki_table"
 |
-Lat: 44.5°N, Long: 80.0°W, Diam: 90 km, Depth: 2.2 km, [http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/R%C3%BCkl%208 Rükl: 8]<br />
+Lat: 44.5°N, Long: 80.0°W, Diam: 90 km, Depth: 2.2 km, [http://the-moon.us/wiki/R%C3%BCkl%208 Rükl: 8]<br />
 |}
 <div id="toc">
 =Table of Contents=
-<div style="margin-left: 1em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-Images Images]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-Maps Maps]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-Description Description]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-Description: Elger Description: Elger]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-Description: Wikipedia Description: Wikipedia]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-Additional Information Additional Information]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-Nomenclature Nomenclature]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-LPOD Articles LPOD Articles]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-Bibliography Bibliography]</div></div>[http://www.lpod.org/coppermine/displayimage.php?pid=2026&fullsize=1 [[Image:normal_Gerard_LO_iv_189_h2.jpg|external image normal_Gerard_LO_iv_189_h2.jpg]]]<br /> ''[http://lpod.org/coppermine/displayimage.php?pos=-2026 LOIV-189-H2]'' The IAU's '''Gerard''' is the complex, three-part enclosure in the center of this [http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/Lunar%20Orbiter Lunar Orbiter] view, which has north at about 11 o'clock. Directly above '''Gerard''' the dark-floored snowman shape consists of 27-km '''Gerard C''' and an unnamed crater above that. On the left, the sharp, deeply shadowed crater is '''Gerard A''' . The dark lava-flooded 60-km diameter feature partially visible in the upper left corner is one of two [http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/lettered%20crater lettered craters] known as '''Gerard Q'''. This one is officially called "'''Gerard Q Inner'''" to distinguish it from the much larger 190-km "'''Gerard Q Outer'''", which is more or less concentric with the former, and cuts through '''Gerard''' a little to the southwest of '''Gerard A''', sharply truncating the "primary" crater's rim. The rille to the west of this point (to the lower left of '''Gerard A''') is probably part of [http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/Rimae%20Gerard Rimae Gerard]. The crater chain in the hills below it is not named.<br /> <br />
+<div style="margin-left: 1em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-Images Images]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-Maps Maps]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-Description Description]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-Description: Elger Description: Elger]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-Description: Wikipedia Description: Wikipedia]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-Additional Information Additional Information]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-Nomenclature Nomenclature]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-LPOD Articles LPOD Articles]</div><div style="margin-left: 2em">[#Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex-Bibliography Bibliography]</div></div>[http://www.lpod.org/coppermine/displayimage.php?pid=2026&fullsize=1 [[Image:normal_Gerard_LO_iv_189_h2.jpg|external image normal_Gerard_LO_iv_189_h2.jpg]]]<br /> ''[http://lpod.org/coppermine/displayimage.php?pos=-2026 LOIV-189-H2]'' The IAU's '''Gerard''' is the complex, three-part enclosure in the center of this [http://the-moon.us/wiki/Lunar%20Orbiter Lunar Orbiter] view, which has north at about 11 o'clock. Directly above '''Gerard''' the dark-floored snowman shape consists of 27-km '''Gerard C''' and an unnamed crater above that. On the left, the sharp, deeply shadowed crater is '''Gerard A''' . The dark lava-flooded 60-km diameter feature partially visible in the upper left corner is one of two [http://the-moon.us/wiki/lettered%20crater lettered craters] known as '''Gerard Q'''. This one is officially called "'''Gerard Q Inner'''" to distinguish it from the much larger 190-km "'''Gerard Q Outer'''", which is more or less concentric with the former, and cuts through '''Gerard''' a little to the southwest of '''Gerard A''', sharply truncating the "primary" crater's rim. The rille to the west of this point (to the lower left of '''Gerard A''') is probably part of [http://the-moon.us/wiki/Rimae%20Gerard Rimae Gerard]. The crater chain in the hills below it is not named.<br /> <br />
 ==Images==
 [http://www.lpod.org/coppermine/thumbnails.php?album=search&type=full&search=Gerard LPOD Photo Gallery] [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/lunar_orbiter/bin/srch_nam.shtml?Gerard%7C0 Lunar Orbiter Images]<br /> <br />
 ==Maps==
-''([http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/LAC%20zone LAC zone] 22A1)'' [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Lunar/lac_22.pdf USGS Digital Atlas PDF]<br /> <br />
+''([http://the-moon.us/wiki/LAC%20zone LAC zone] 22A1)'' [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Lunar/lac_22.pdf USGS Digital Atlas PDF]<br /> <br />
 ==Description==
 <br />
 ==Description: Elger==
-''([http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/IAU%20Directions IAU Directions])'' GERARD.--A large enclosure close to the limb, still farther N., containing a long ridge and a crater.<br /> <br />
+''([http://the-moon.us/wiki/IAU%20Directions IAU Directions])'' GERARD.--A large enclosure close to the limb, still farther N., containing a long ridge and a crater.<br /> <br />
 ==Description: Wikipedia==
 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_(crater) Gerard]<br /> <br />
 ==Additional Information==
-  Depth data from [http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/Kurt%20Fisher%20crater%20depths Kurt Fisher database]<br />
+  Depth data from [http://the-moon.us/wiki/Kurt%20Fisher%20crater%20depths Kurt Fisher database]<br />
 * Viscardy, 1985: 2.2 km
 <br />
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 * Named for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Gerard Alexander Gerard] (February 22, 1728 - February 22, 1795), a philosophical writer and Professor of Natural Philosophy. As a professor he introduced various reforms.
-* According to ''[http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/Whitaker Whitaker]'' (p. 219), this name was introduced by [http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/M%C3%A4dler Mädler] and adopted into the original [http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/IAU%20nomenclature IAU nomenclature] with his spelling: '''Gérard'''. At the insistence of [http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/PLA%20Table%20III Gerard Kuiper] the accent was removed from the "e" in the early 1960's. <span class="membersnap">- [http://www.wikispaces.com/user/view/JimMosher [[Image:JimMosher-lg.jpg|16px|JimMosher]]] [http://www.wikispaces.com/user/view/JimMosher JimMosher]</span>
+* According to ''[http://the-moon.us/wiki/Whitaker Whitaker]'' (p. 219), this name was introduced by [http://the-moon.us/wiki/M%C3%A4dler Mädler] and adopted into the original [http://the-moon.us/wiki/IAU%20nomenclature IAU nomenclature] with his spelling: '''Gérard'''. At the insistence of [http://the-moon.us/wiki/PLA%20Table%20III Gerard Kuiper] the accent was removed from the "e" in the early 1960's. <span class="membersnap">- [http://www.wikispaces.com/user/view/JimMosher [[Image:JimMosher-lg.jpg|16px|JimMosher]]] [http://www.wikispaces.com/user/view/JimMosher JimMosher]</span>
-* The odd IAU naming of two of the [http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/satellite%20feature satellite features] of '''Gerard''' as '''Gerard Q Outer''' and '''Gerard Q Inner''' seems to have arisen in the ''[http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/System%20of%20Lunar%20Craters System of Lunar Craters]'' (1961-1966) where two craters, one inside the other, were [http://www.glrgroup.org/domes/mapdome/f2.htm both labeled] with the letter "Q". This seems to have been intentional, for according to Chuck Wood they are listed as "inner" and "outer" in the ''Communications of the LPL'' tables that accompanied the maps, where they are given diameters of 60 and 177 km. Was this meant to define '''Gerard Q''' as an annular zone?? The "inner"-"outer" notation was also used on NASA's [http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/LMP Lunar Polar Map] [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/mapcatalog/LMP/lmp3/ LMP-3] (1976), where the map makers seem to regard these as two separate features distinguished as '''Gerard Q (inner)''' and '''Gerard Q (outer)'''. A similar notation, but with the parenthesis omitted, was used (again without further explanation) to distinguish the two listings when NASA's ''[http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/NASA%20RP-1097 RP-1097]'' catalog was issued in 1982, however the diameters are given there as 7 and 18 km, which seems a factor of 10 smaller than the sizes illustrated on the [http://www.glrgroup.org/domes/mapdome/f2.htm SLC] and [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/mapcatalog/LMP/lmp3/ LMP] maps. Because the names, positions and diameters of [http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/satellite%20feature lettered craters] listed in the on-line [http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/IAU%20Planetary%20Gazetteer IAU Planetary Gazetteer] are based on ''[http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/NASA%20RP-1097 RP-1097]'' (rather than the previously IAU-approved ''[http://the-moon.wikispaces.com/System%20of%20Lunar%20Craters System of Lunar Craters]'') this error(?) is perpetuated there. <span class="membersnap">- [http://www.wikispaces.com/user/view/JimMosher [[Image:JimMosher-lg.jpg|16px|JimMosher]]] [http://www.wikispaces.com/user/view/JimMosher JimMosher]</span>
+* The odd IAU naming of two of the [http://the-moon.us/wiki/satellite%20feature satellite features] of '''Gerard''' as '''Gerard Q Outer''' and '''Gerard Q Inner''' seems to have arisen in the ''[http://the-moon.us/wiki/System%20of%20Lunar%20Craters System of Lunar Craters]'' (1961-1966) where two craters, one inside the other, were [http://www.glrgroup.org/domes/mapdome/f2.htm both labeled] with the letter "Q". This seems to have been intentional, for according to Chuck Wood they are listed as "inner" and "outer" in the ''Communications of the LPL'' tables that accompanied the maps, where they are given diameters of 60 and 177 km. Was this meant to define '''Gerard Q''' as an annular zone?? The "inner"-"outer" notation was also used on NASA's [http://the-moon.us/wiki/LMP Lunar Polar Map] [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/mapcatalog/LMP/lmp3/ LMP-3] (1976), where the map makers seem to regard these as two separate features distinguished as '''Gerard Q (inner)''' and '''Gerard Q (outer)'''. A similar notation, but with the parenthesis omitted, was used (again without further explanation) to distinguish the two listings when NASA's ''[http://the-moon.us/wiki/NASA%20RP-1097 RP-1097]'' catalog was issued in 1982, however the diameters are given there as 7 and 18 km, which seems a factor of 10 smaller than the sizes illustrated on the [http://www.glrgroup.org/domes/mapdome/f2.htm SLC] and [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/mapcatalog/LMP/lmp3/ LMP] maps. Because the names, positions and diameters of [http://the-moon.us/wiki/satellite%20feature lettered craters] listed in the on-line [http://the-moon.us/wiki/IAU%20Planetary%20Gazetteer IAU Planetary Gazetteer] are based on ''[http://the-moon.us/wiki/NASA%20RP-1097 RP-1097]'' (rather than the previously IAU-approved ''[http://the-moon.us/wiki/System%20of%20Lunar%20Craters System of Lunar Craters]'') this error(?) is perpetuated there. <span class="membersnap">- [http://www.wikispaces.com/user/view/JimMosher [[Image:JimMosher-lg.jpg|16px|JimMosher]]] [http://www.wikispaces.com/user/view/JimMosher JimMosher]</span>
 * '''Gerard Q inner''' was misprinted as '''GERALD Q INNER''' (with "'''L'''") on LAC 22 (page 45) in the Revised and Updated Edition of the ''Clementine Atlas of the Moon'' (Cambridge University Press, 2012).<span class="membersnap">- [http://www.wikispaces.com/user/view/DannyCaes [[Image:DannyCaes-lg.jpg|16px|DannyCaes]]] [http://www.wikispaces.com/user/view/DannyCaes DannyCaes] <small>Jan 7, 2013</small></span>
 * The same mistake ('''Gerald''', with "'''l'''") was made on page 69 (chart 28) in the ''21st Century Atlas of the Moon'' (2012).<span class="membersnap">- [http://www.wikispaces.com/user/view/DannyCaes [[Image:DannyCaes-lg.jpg|16px|DannyCaes]]] [http://www.wikispaces.com/user/view/DannyCaes DannyCaes] <small>Jan 23, 2013</small></span>

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Gerard - and the Gerard Q Inner / Gerard Q Outer complex

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