Wilkins 300-inch Map Names

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Wilkins 300-inch Map Names

Description

In the 1940's and 50's, English selenographer and Director of the BAA Lunar Section H. P. Wilkins developed a 300-inch diameter map of the Moon on which he recorded both the IAU nomenclature of Blagg and Müller (1935) and a number of new names. Evidently Wilkins felt that he (and the BAA) were a sort of conduit through which suggestions would be made to the IAU, and many amateurs of the era seem to have regarded the appearance of a new name on the "BAA List" as confering official status upon it. In reality, Wilkins' list, which was published as an Appendix to the various editions of his book The Moon, never had any official status at all, and few of the new names he used were ever adopted.

Danny Caes has prepared an alphabetically-sorted list of the names that appear in Wilkins and Moore's The Moon, with additional notes (and Wikipedia links) on many of them.

Additional Information


Here is an electronically transcribed copy of the final list of new names that appears in Part 2 of Appendix II on pp. 352-354 of the 1961 edition of Wilkins and Moore where Wilkin's map is reproduced at a reduced (and barely legible) scale in 25 sections. The numbers in the first column are part of the original table, and Section identifies which of the 25 sections of Wilkin's map the feature is plotted on. The columns labeled Xi-coord and Eta-coord give the positions of the the features in the Xi-Eta system (expressed in thousands of the lunar radius). Some of the features are beyond the mean limb, and the system Wilkins and Moore used for deriving Xi-Eta positions for these is not explained. Author is evidently the person who first proposed the name adopted by Wilkins. The final column (Biographical ID) is the identity of the person for whom the feature was named, copied verbatim from the explanation provided as part of the entry for each feature in the body of the book. It was not part of the original table. As noted by Whitaker, several non-IAU names that appear on the map and/or are described in the text do not appear in Appendix II. These are listed after #99.

  • Appendix II: New Names in the 300 in. Lunar Map


No.
Section
Name on Map
Previous Name
Xi-coord
Eta-coord
Author
Biographical ID
1
I
Lyot
Ptolemaeus A
-14
-148
Wilkins
Great French Astronomer, 1897-1952
2
II
Barcroft
Dollond B
236
-136
Wilkins
contemporary American selenographer
3
III
Giner
Posidonius P
385
553
Paluzíe
Contemporary Spanish astronomer
4
III
Fisher
Vitruvius B
528
280
Wilkins
American astronomer, 1878-1949
5
IV
Gant
Archimedes A
-98
470
Wilkins
contemporary American selenographer
6
V
de Bergerac
Carlini D
-231
544
Wilkins
French writer, 1620-55
7
V
Mount Dyson
Pytheas Beta
-382
335
Wilkins
Astronomer Royal, 1868-1939
8
V
Porthouse
Carlini B
-307
505
Wilkins
English amateur astronomer
9
V
Mount Whipple
La Hire Alpha
-403
474
Wilkins
American photographer
10
V
Virgil
Bessarion E
-584
265
Wilkins
Great Roman poet, 70-19 B.C.
11
V
Krosigk
Tobias Mayer G
-435
298
MacDonald
German astronomer
12
VI
Eddington
Reinhold B
-367
75
Wilkins-Cameron
Great English scientist, 1882-1944
14
VII
Hauet
Wurzelbauer D
-243
-592
Paluzíe
French selenographer, 1878-1933
15
VII
Lenham
Kies A
-340
-474
Wilkins-Moore
contemporary English selenographer
16
VII
Novellas
Agatharchides P
-449
-345
Paluzíe
Spanish astronomer and chemist, 1874-1940
17
VII
Renart
Unnamed
-212
-602
Paluzíe
Spanish astronomer, 1878-1946
18
VIII
Garcia-Gomez
Alpetragius B
-115
-261
Paluzíe
Contemporary Spanish astronomer
19
VIII
Dublier
Alphonsus D
-14
-260
Paluzíe
Contemporary Spanish astronomer
20
IX
Romaña
Fracastorius D
478
-372
Paluzíe
contemporary Spanish astronomer
21
IX
Benitez
Pontanus C
231
-499
Paluzíe
Spanish astronomer, 1879-1954
22
IX
Millás
Parrot C
22
-318
Paluzíe
Spanish philospher, 1897-
23
IX
Sisebuto
Azophi A
-410
190
Paluzíe
Spanish king, reigned A.D. 612-621
24
X
Antoniadi
Hekataeus B
915
-331
Wilkins
Greek astronomer, 1870-1944
25
X
Santacruz
Abel (Franz)
816
-570
Paluzíe
Spanish astronomer, circa 1560
26
X
Steavenson
Reichenbach A
664
-474
Wilkins
celebrated contemporary English amateur astronomer
27
X
Whitaker
Unnamed
910
-480
Wilkins-Moore
contemporary English astronomer
28
X
Orús
Petavius B
790
-340
Paluzíe
Spanish astronomer
29
X
Raurich
Hekatarus D
945
-320
Paluzíe
Spanish astronomer, 1868-1949
30
X
Smith
Vendelinus C
873
-252
Wilkins
English amateur astronomer, 1874-1949
31
XI
Fébrer
Schubert B
987
22
Paluzíe
contemporary Spanish astronomer
32
XI
Watts
Kästner B
988
-114
Wilkins-Hoag
contemporary American selenographer
33
XI
Vernet
Goclenius G
644
-103
Paluzíe
Contemporary Spanish astronomer
34
XI
Aller
Langrenus K
841
-102
Paluzíe
contemporary Spanish astronomer
35
XII
Liddiard
Unnamed
810
584
Wilkins
English electrical engineer, 1894-
36
XII
Recorde
Alhazen E
925
308
Wilkins-Mee
Welsh scientist, 1510-58
37
XII
Cooke
Eimmart C
810
382
Wilkins
English amateur astronomer, 1886-
38
XII
Lower
Hansen B
953
247
Wilkins-Mee
English selenographer, circa 1610
39
XII
O'Neill
Unnamed
730
260
Wilkins

40
XIII
Paluzíe
Unnamed
770
638
Wilkins
contemporary Spanish selenographer
41
XIII
Russell
Within Paluzíe
758
645
Wilkins
nineteenth-century English painter and amateur astronomer
42
XIII
Polit
Hallowes H
692
720
Paluzíe
Spanish physicist, 1880-
43
XIII
Hallowes
Unnamed
690
720
Wilkins
English selenographer
44
XIV
Abineri
Strabo A
430
891
Wilkins-Moore
contemporary English selenographer
45
XIV
Ball, L. F.
Endymion B
466
859
Wilkins
contemporary English selenographer
46
XIV
O'Kell
Atlas E
445
750
MacDonald
English amateur astronomer, 1861-1947
47
XIV
Trewman
Unnamed
320
920
Wilkins
Contemporary English electronic specialist
48
XIV
Williams
Unnamed
445
470
Wilkins

49
XV
Nansen
Unnamed
87
980
Moore
Norwegian explorer, 1961-1930
50
XV
Shackleton
Gioja A
14
996
Moore
English Polar explorer, 1874-1922
51
XV
Peary
Unnamed
30
999
Moore
American explorer, 1856-1920
52
XV
Väisälä
Unnamed
-40
960
Paluzíe
contemporary Finnish astronomer
53
XV
Bartlett
Mädler's Square
-115
878
Moore
contemporary American selenographer
54
XV
Haas
Pico E
-131
681
Wilkins
contemporary American selenographer
55
XV
Reese
Pico B
-182
724
Wilkins
contemporary American selenographer
56
XV
Sacco
Scoresby A
75
985
Paluzíe
Contemporary Spanish astronomer
57
XV
The Washbowl
Cassini A (part)
63
649
Wilkins

58
XV
Rhodes
Unnamed
-101
990
Paluzíe

59
XVI
Arthur
Anaximander G
-324
941
Moore
contemporary English amateur astronomer
60
XVI
Aymat
Sharp B
-485
731
Paluzíe
Spanish astronomer
61
XVII
Najerá
Unnamed
-660
760
Paluzíe
Spanish scientist, circa 1650
62
XVIII
Caramuel
Unnamed
-905
420
Paluzíe
Spanish scientist (Archbishop of Otranto), 1606-82
63
XVIII
Armenter
Unnamed
-897
425
Paluzíe
Spanish solar physicist, 1886-
64
XVIII
Barange
Marius A
-702
218
Paluzíe
Spanish astronomer
65
XVIII
MacDonald
Aristarchus F
-674
369
Wilkins
English amateur astronomer
66
XIX
Harris
Riccioli E
-973
-125
Wilkins
English engineer, 1906-
67
XIX
Buss
Unnamed
-992
-19
Wilkins
English spectroscopist
68
XIX
Lowe
Riccioli A
-987
-102
Wilkins
American astronomer
69
XIX
Green
Unnamed
-102
-1
Wilkins
English selenographer (died in action), 1920-42
70
XIX
Bolton
Unnamed
-103
-0.88
Wilkins
English selenographer
71
XIX
Baum
Sven Hedin E
-980
90
Wilkins
contemporary English selenographer
72
XIX
Burrell
Melloni (Schmidt)
-805
-130
Wilkins
contemporary English selenographer
73
XIX
Saheki
Grimaldi B
-933
-51
Moore
Contemporary Japanese astronomer
74
XIX
Ingalls
Riccioli C
-956
9
Wilkins
contemporary American astronomer
75
XX
Juán
Unnamed
-440
-300
Paluzíe
Spanish geographer, 1713-73
76
XX
Comas Solá
Unnamed
-760
-550
Wilkins
Spanish astronomer, 1868-1937
77
XX
Fresá
Lagrange B
-750
-522
Paluzíe
Italian astronomer
78
XX
Landerer
Mersenius B
-731
-360
Paluzíe
Spanish astronomer, 1841-1922
79
XX
Jiyah
Mersenius D
-673
-392
Paluzíe
Spanish astronomer, 1070-1105
80
XX
Bertaud
Sirsalis A
-858
-222
Wilkins
contemporary French astronomer
81
XX
La Paz
Byrgius A
-816
-416
Wilkins
contemporary American astronomer
82
XX
Clarkson
Gassendi A
-616
-268
Wilkins
English selenographer, 1889-1954
83
XXII
Hare
Bailly B
-323
-932
Wilkins
contemporary American astronomer
84
XXII
Emley
Capuanus E
-361
-609
Wilkins
contemporary English selenographer
85
XXIII
Amundsen
Unnamed
90
-989
Arthur
Norwegian Polar explorer, 1872-1928
86
XXIII
Scott
Unnamed
80
-990
Arthur
English Polar explorer
87
XXIII
Barker
Sasserides A
-149
-636
Wilkins
contemporary English selenographer
88
XXIII
Porter
Clavius B
-98
-830
Wilkins-Adams
American artist and explorer, associated with the Mt. Palomar 100-inch telescope
89
XXIII
Wright
Licetus F
12
-719
Wilkins-Nicholson
American astronomer, died 1952
90
XXIII
Reypastor
Faraday G
122
-718
Paluzíe
Spanish astonomer
91
XXIV
Hill
Lockyer H
377
-707
Wilkins
contemporary English selenographer
92
XXV
Ibañéz
Marinus K
-731
-679
Paluzíe
Spanish mathematician, 1825-91
93
Libratory
Cortés
Demonax A
170
-983
Paluzíe
Spanish explorer
94
Stereo.
Esquivel
Unnamed
220
953
Paluzíe
Spanish geographer, circa 1550
95
Stereo.
Pratdesaba
Brisbane G
631
-772
Paluzíe
Spanish scientist, 1870-
96
Stereo.
Thornton
Unnamed
-328
937
Wilkins-Moore
contemporary English selenographer
97
Stereo.
Mare Incognito
Unnamed
870
530
Wilkins

98
Stereo.
Rodés
Unnamed
-906
400
Paluzíe
Spanish astronomer, 1881-1939
99
I
Alter
Albategnius G
33
-164
Wilkins
Contemporary American astronomer

XXIII
Einstein
Simpelius D
47
-949
listed in Whitaker
Albert Einstein, great scientist, 1879-1955

XII
Graham
Peirce A
751
331
listed in Whitaker
nineteenth-century English astronomer

VII
Moore
Agatharchides A
-437
-395
listed in Whitaker
English selenographer, and one of the Authors, 1923-

V
Wagner

-428
212
listed in Whitaker
Hanoverian physiologist, 1805-64

III
Ataturk
Römer A


noticed by D. Caes
founder of modern Turkey

XVIII
The Cobra-Head



Steavenson


  • Notes (like the final column, these are details from other parts of the text that may aid in identification of the honoree; these notes were not part of the original text):
    • #2: 'D. P. Barcroft' is cited repeatedly in the index
    • #15: 'A. P. Lenham' is cited repeatedly in the index
    • #21: the text says "it used to be known as Pontanus A"
    • #22: this is actually described in Section VIII
    • #23: this is actually described in Section VIII
    • #26: 'W. H. Steavenson' is cited repeatedly in the index
    • #27: 'E. A. Whitaker' is cited repeatedly in the index
    • #30: 'C. F. O. Smith' is cited repeatedly in the index
    • #34: Identified as Ramón María Aller Ulloa by Danny Caes
    • #37: 'S. R. B. Cooke' is cited repeatedly in the index
    • #38: biographical note from p. 361: "SIR WILLIAM LOWER. Lower, certainly the first British lunar observer, lived in the little Welsh village of Traventy. In 1611 he received one of Galileo's `perspective cylinders', and studied the Moon with it. Unfortunately he seems to have left no drawings, and almost nothing is known about his life."
    • #39: not listed in index of formations or mentioned in the text; presumably refers to John J. O'Neill
    • #40: Antonio Paluzíe Borrell is the principal author of the list of historic lunar maps that precedes the list of new names in Appendix II
    • #44: 'K. W. Abineri' is cited repeatedly in the index
    • #46: the text says "On the map the name 'Williams' is given where O'Kell should be placed"
    • #48: the text says "See note under O'Kell", also this is listed on p. 219 as being at Xi=+449 Eta=+665 -- the name 'O'Kell' appears at that location; no biographical information for Williams is provided, but an 'A. S. Williams' is listed three time in the index
    • #50: the text says "North of it is another ring, A, within which lies the North Pole". It is unclear if this is meant as a reference to a satellite of the newly-named crater Shackleton.
    • #53: 'J. Bartlett' is cited twice in the index
    • #54: 'W. H. Haas' is cited repeatedly in the index
    • #55: 'E. J. Reese' is cited twice in the index
    • #58: labeled in Detail 15 of "Charts of the Libratory Regions" (p. 49); no biographical information given in text
    • #59: 'D.W.G. Arthur' is cited repeatedly in the index; the text says "formerly known as Anaximander C"
    • #69: biographical note from pp. 369-70: "DR. SAMUEL MORRIS GREEN (1920-42). In 1937, Dr. S. M. Green joined the British Astronomical Association, and showed at once that he was an observer of the highest promise. His drawings placed him at once among the leading modern selenographers, and his planetary work was of equal value. Unfortunately, the War intervened; Green joined the R.A.M.C., was commissioned as a lieutenant, and killed on his first day of active warfare. His death, so early in his career, was tragic indeed."
    • #70: 'Scriven Bolton' is cited twice in the index
    • #71: 'R. M. Baum' is cited repeatedly in the index; the text says "used to be known as Sven Hedin F"
    • #72: 'B. Burrell' is cited three times in the index
    • #74: 'A. Ingalls' is cited once in the index
    • #78: biographical note from p. 366: "JOSEPH JOACHIM LANDERER (1841-1922), a leading Spanish selenographer, was born in Valencia, and lived there for most of his life. He published many drawings and papers in French and Spanish periodicals, and in 1910 issued a book, La Evolución del Globo Lunar ('The Evolution of the Lunar Globe')."
    • #80: 'C. Bertaud' is cited once in the index
    • #82: biographical note from p. 369: "ROLAND L. T. CLARKSON (1889-1954) was a native of Suffolk, and lived for most of his life in Ipswich. He was a skilful and active observer not only of the Moon but also of the planets". See also: Roland Clarkson, Trimley's Moon Man.
    • #83: 'E. E. Hare' is cited twice in the index
    • #84: 'E. F. Emley' is cited repeatedly in the index
    • #87: 'Robert Barker' is cited repeatedly in the index
    • #88: 'R. W. Porter' is cited once in the index
    • #91: 'H. Hill' is cited three times in the index
    • #93: this is actually described in Section XXIV
    • #94: this is actually described in Section XV
    • #95: this is actually described in Section XXV
    • #96: 'F. H. Thornton' is cited repeatedly in the index; the feature is actually described in Section XVI
    • #99: 'D. A. Alter' is cited twice in the index
    • Einstein is listed in the index of formations and mentioned in the text, but it is still labeled as 'Simpelius D' on the map; note that, as with most of Wilkin's new names, this is not the same as the current crater called Einstein.
    • Graham: the text says "in the I.A.U. list, Graham was referred to as Peirce B"; Graham is listed in the index of formations and labeled on the map, but does not appear in Appendix II
    • Moore is listed in the index of formations, described in the text and labeled on the map, but it does not appear in Appendix II
    • Wagner is listed in the index of formations, described in the text and labeled on the map, but it does not appear in Appendix II
    • Ataturk: a footnote to the text describing Römer A on p.86 says "Now called ATATURK after the founder of modern Turkey." The name does not appear in the index or on the map.
    • The Cobra-Head: appears in the index of formations at the rear of the text, but is not labeled on the map.



  • According to Whitaker, of the 96 new names proposed on Wilkins' map (for unknown reasons Whitaker's count differs slightly from the above tally), only 16 were eventually adopted by the IAU and most of those in locations other than those used by Wilkins and Moore. Two of Wilkins & Moore's suggestions that were adopted in their originally-intended positions are Amundsen and Scott (IAU Transactions XIIB), although as the above list indicates, these names were apparently first proposed by Dai Arthur. - JimMosher


  • According to the introduction to Blagg and Müller (page IV, paragraph 2), the original IAU nomenclature of 1935 included the names from a map made by Wilkins in 1924, but rejected those from a 500-inch he was working on at the time. - JimMosher


Clickable Index to Map Sections

The clickable images below have for modern reference had the cardinal points adjusted to suit the present convention as laid down by the International Astronmical Union (IAU) in 1961. The 25 maps are at a reduced scale version, and were originally scanned in from the ALPO Monograph 3 PDF file; freely available online at the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers (ALPO) site.- JohnMoore2

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LPOD Articles


Bibliography

  • Wilkins, H. P., and Patrick Moore. 1961. The moon; a complete description of the surface of the moon, containing the 300-inch Wilkins lunar map. London: Faber and Faber. 388 pp.
  • Wilkins 1951 map