Named Lunar Formations Text

The following is a transcription of the introductory text to Blagg and Müller's Named Lunar Formations -- the original version of the IAU-approved lunar nomenclature, courtesy of the copy on the Digital Library of India. Horizontal lines indicate page breaks. A typical page from the catalog is reproduced at the end.

---

UNION ASTRONOMIQUE INTERNATIONALE
(International Astronomical Union)

NAMED LUNAR FORMATIONS

by

MARY A. BLAGG

and

K. MÜLLER

Drawn up by them for Commission 17 and
approved at the Meeting of the Union held
at Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1932.

Made and Printed by Replika Process
in Great Britain by

PERCY LUND, HUMPHRIES & CO. LTD.

12 BEDFORD SQUARE

LONDON, W.C.I

1935

---

III
 
 

INTRODUCTION.

The desirability of uniformity in the nomenclature of lunar formations was brought before the Royal Astronomical Society by Mr. S.A. Saunder so long ago as 1905. Thereupon Prof. Turner brought up the matter before the Royal ociety,and, as representing that body, before the International Association of Academies which met at Vienna in 1907. A Committee was appointed consisting of MM. Loewy (Chairman), Franz, Newcomb, Saunder, Weiss and Turner (Secretary), The name of Prof. W.H.Pickering was added - and after the death of M. Loewy, MM. Baillaud and Puiseux were added to the Committee. Before his death, Saunder had happily secured the co-operation of Miss M.A.Blagg in collating the names given to different formations in the maps of Beer and Madler, Schmidt and Nelson, This was admirably carried out by Miss Blagg and a collated list was published in 1913 with the aid of a grant from the Academic des Sciences.

When the International Astronomical Union was constituted the question of Lunar Nomenclature was referred to Commission 17 consisting of Prof. Turner (President), Miss Blagg, MM. G. Bigourdan, W.H.Pickering and P.Puiseux. The Commission recommended that;-

• (1) The names in the collated list to be taken when the three authorities agree or from any one of them when the others give no name,

• (2) When different names are given, each case to be decided on its merits.

• (3) Names recently given and suggested names to be sparingly adopted.*

• • * Transactions of International Astronomical Union Vol. II p. 54.

---

IV
 
  At the Leiden meeting in 1928, lists of 412 names where Mädler, Schmidt and Neison agree, and of 95 names generally accepted, though not used by all three, were submitted by Miss Blagg and approved by the Commission. Lists of 86 doubtful or inconspicuous objects and of 31 formations where names clash, were left over for consideration. Also lists of names proposed by Krieger, Müller, Wilkins and Lamèch, were prepared by Dr. Müller - a most useful supplement to the "Collated List." At this meeting, Prof. E.W. Brown was elected as President of the Commission and a sub-Committee consisting of Miss Blagg and Dr. Müller was appointed to prepare a definitive list of names for submission at the next meeting.
 
  At Dr. Müller's suggestion many small, formations measured by Franz and Saunder were added to the "Collated List." These served the purpose of accurately defining the boundaries of larger formations. A number of indefinite objects were omitted. As regards the names given by later selenographers, those suggested by Fauth, Krieger, Müller, have been generally adopted, those by Lamèch more, sparingly,but his suggestions are given in the notes. Wilkins' names in his earlier map (1924) were accepted but not the new ones in his 500-in. map.
 
  The proposals of the sub-Committee were adopted by Commission 17 at Cambridge (Mass.) in 1932. At the General Assembly provision was made for the publication of this definitive list of adopted names.
 
  These names should be strictly adhered to by selenographers. Those who may wish to add new names should ascertain from the list whether the proposed names have been already given to other formations. Also no new name should be given to a formation already named in the list.
 

---

V
 
  Otherwise new confusions will arise similar to those which have with difficulty been cleared away.
 
  The list has been reproduced by a photographic process, and the Commission is indebted to the Astronomer Royal for the preparation of the type-script at the Royal Observatory.
 
  The Commission is deeply grateful to Miss Blagg, and Dr. Müller for the large amount of time and thought they have given to this work. Constant correspondence on all points of difficulty has been made by the two compilers, and after interchange of tracings, arguments and measurements, an agreed decision has been reached. They have, as far as possible, kept in touch with other selenographers. As Chairman of the Commission, I have supported M. Lamèch's suggestion that the names of Blagg and Müller should be given to two lunar formations and over-ruled the objections made by Miss Blagg and Dr. Müller. I am confident the Commission will approve of my action.
 
  At the same time our indebtedness to former members of the Commission should not be overlooked. In particular, Saunder and Turner initiated this work and it was largely through their indefatigable zeal and perseverance that it has been carried through.
 
  F.W.DYSON.
 

---

---

VII

Explanation of Columns.

Col. I gives the number of the object in the Collated List. Gaps in the numbering indicate the rejection of indefinite or doubtful objects. Many rills are thus omitted. Where a formation not in that List is here included, a number followed by a small Roman letter is interpolated. Thus newly added formations are distinguished from the old. The introduction of a large number of the small formations measured by Saunder and Franz (about 80%) is considered to be justified by their importance as fixed points in the lunar disc. None are included which are not clearly visible in good photographs, or which are lees in apparent diameter than 1/500 of the semi-diameter of the Moon's disc. We have also not included such of Franz's measured points as are entirely beyond the limb in mean libration. Where there were a number of measured objects near together we have given a few of the more conspicuous ones only. From Goodacre's newly lettered objects we have selected such as appeared clearly defined in photographs.

Col. II gives the chosen designation. In deciding on it we have tried to act in general accordance with the proposals approved by the Commission, on the following principles.

• (1) When a formation has a proper name already generally accepted this name is retained. Some other names are added which have been adopted or proposed "by later selenographers; a few names of astronomers now living being included in appreciation of their work in connection with the Moon. Other proposed names, though not adopted, are mentioned in notes.
• (2) In regard to names, letters or prefixes which

---

VIII
 
 

• clash, we have in the main chosen the earlier given name or letter, adopting the order as follows:- Mädler, Nelson, Schmidt, Lohrmann, Gaudibert, Elger, Fauth, Pickering, Franz, Goodacre, Krieger-König, Debes, Wilkins, Andel, Lamèch and we have chosen that prefix which appeared the most reasonable. The last point is important in view of the possible future delimitation of areas. Mountain names, such as "Alps", are here given in English, but would be used by each astronomer in his own language.

• (3) In accordance with the Report accepted at Leiden, eminences are given small Greek letters only, and, depressions (craters, valleys etc.) capital Roman letters only. To avoid duplication of letters under any individually named formation, we have (a) when it could, reasonably be done, changed the prefix-name for one of the duplicated letters, or (b) when that could not reasonably be done, changed one of the letters themselves. Such changes are noted. When a large number of new letters come under any named formation, the alphabetical order of our new letters usually follows the plan of Saunder's catalogue. In a few cases two letters are used (as AA, AB) when the. new crater is a small one adjacent to the larger one bearing the first bf the two letters. It is suggested that selenographers who wish to distinguish some other small object near to a lettered one should, act similarly, out use a small Roman letter (as Aa) to show that the object is not in this List. Rills have Roman numbers, followed by r, as Ir, IIr.

• (4) The prefixes are given in abbreviated form of 2 to 6 letters using the first 2 or 3 letters of the name, followed if needful by later ones, not always those next

---

IX
 

• succeeding, in such a way as to suggest the particular name rather than any other; e.g. Anxan = Anaximander; Anxes = Anaximenes; Anxor = Anaxagoras. The use of these abbreviations is optional, but they might form a basis if it should be desired to adopt a system of authorised abbreviations.

Col III gives the position of the formation;- in the majority of cases by the co-ordinates ⁵ [Xi] and ⁵ [Eta], in agreement with the Sannder and Franz measures and with the accompanying maps. The unit is *00lr = 1000th. of the semi-diameter of the Moon's disc in mean libration. Occasionally, for objects not measured by Franz or Saunder we have adopted König's measures. These have not been published and were not available when the maps were drawn, but they are found to agree remarkably well with our positions on the whole. In cases where the co-ordinates are not given, the position is indicated by reference to some other formation. (These indications are independent of those in the Collated List, which in a few cases are in error.) Abbreviations are:-

• N, NW etc. for points of the compass; f = far, n = near, o or out = outer, fr = from, w = wall, ct = centre, v = very. Thus SWw 1850 means South-West wall of number 1850. If no number is mentioned the formation prefixed is to be understood. Co-ordinates refer to the apparent central point, unless otherwise stated.

Col. IV supplies further aid to identification by giving the character of the formations. These are indicated by the following symbols :-

(explanatory graphic interpolated from page 1 of the Catalog)

• 

• (a) Valleys
  • Vallées
  • Thaler
  • Vallate

---

X
 
 

• (b) Rills, Clefts, Cracks, Riverbeds
  • Rainures
  • Rillen, Schluchten
  • Solchi, Speccaturi
  • (The approximate direction is indicated)

• (c) Single hills, Peaks
  • Collines, Pics
  • Hügel, Beulen, Spitzen, Einzelberge
  • Picchi

• (d) Ridges, Chains, Plateaux
  • Ridements, Chatnes, Plateaux
  • Rücken, Ketten, Hochebenen
  • Giogaie, Catene, Altipiani

• (e) Maria and similar features
  • Mers etc.
  • Maria etc.
  • Mari etc.

• (f) Confluent twin craters
  • Crateres jumeaux
  • Zwillings Krater - nicht volständig von einander getrennt
  • Crateri Gemelli

• (g) Irregular and indistinctly walled plains
  • Plaines cratèriformes irrégulières et mal définies
  • Wallebenen auch unregelmässige und weniger bestimmt begrenzte Einsenkungen, Kaare
  • Piazze

• (h) Formations not fully enclosed, bays or gulfs
  • Baies, Golfes
  • Sinbuchtungen, Buchten, Busen

---

XI
 

• • Baie, Golfi

• (i) Walled Craters, Holes, Ring plains
  • Cratères et orifices entourés de murs et nettement définis
  • Gut umwallte eigentliche Krater, Ringgebirge and Löcher
  • Crateri, Cerchi

• • For the last class the largest apparent diameter is also given approximately the unit being *001r. Although close precision is not practicable these figures are sufficient guide to prevent mistakes in identification of formations with nearly the same co-ordinates.

Col. V No. in Saunder's Catalogue.

Col. VI No. in Franz's Catalogue.

Col. VII gives as 'Authority' the first giver or proposer of the name or letter. When a named object has previously been known by a letter, that letter and its author are also noted. Mädler's designations were usually followed by Neison, and largely also by Schmidt and by later writers. Goodacre's new letters are in most cases used also by Wilkins. Abbreviations are: An = Andel; De = Debes; Fa = Fauth; Fr or Frz = Franz; Gau = Gaudibert; G or Goo = Goodacre; Hev = Hevelius; Kö = König, Kr = Krieger; Lam Lamèch; Lo = Lohrmann; M or Mä = Mädler; Mü = Müller; N = Neison; Ric = Riccioli; Sa = Saunder; S or Sch = Schmidt; Schr = Schröter.; Wi = Wilkins; C.L. = Collated List; Com. = Commission.

---

ERRATA

• 267 Insert Sa No. 2782
• 
  
• 354 For Fr(l) read Fr(i)
• 
  
• 1363 For -130 read -180
• 
  
• 1457 For +254 read +264
• 
  
• 1479 For -240 +267 read -268 +244
• 
  
• 1995a For -92 read -82
• 
  
• 2050 For -859 -412 read -856 -408
• 
  
• 2055 For NW read SW
• 
  
• 2055 / 2056 For Byr. read Dar.
• 
  
• 2591 For S(M,C) read S;M(C)
• 
  
• 3007 Add note: Not exactly the e of M and S.
• 
  
• 4526a For Fr(M) read Fr(M.Austr.r)

---

Sample Page

[The following thumbnail links to a copy of page 2 from the catalog following the preceding text. It may be compared to the comparable pages from the Collated List of 1913.]

• <-- (click to see full size)

---

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.

[The original index is printed in three columns over four pages. The links under "No." are to external scanned copies of the relevant catalog pages in TIFF format. In browsers such as Mozilla/Firefox you can set the application used to open them under "Tools" -- some applications work better than others. The links under "Map" are to local Wiki pages with scans of the original reference maps, but only 1-3 and 14 are currently on-lin.]

Name	No.	Map
Abenezra	3778	3
Abulfeda	3735	3
Acherusia (Pr.)	585	5
Adams	4726	2
AEnarium (Pr.)	3039	12
AEstatis (Mare)	2028a	11
AEstuum (Sinus)	1270	10
Agarum (Prom.)	39	4
Agassiz (Pr.)	943	7; 8
Agatharchides	2490	12
Agrippa	821	5
Airy	3549	3
Albategnius	3577	3
Alexander	746	7
Alfraganus	3680	3
Alhazen	14	4
Aliacensis	3492	3
Almanon	3751	3
Alpetragius	3027	12
Alphonsus	2986	12
Alpine Valley	944	7
Alps	950	7; 8
Altai Mts	4106	3
Ampère	1188	10
Anaxagoras	1026	8
Anaximander	1687	8
Anaximenes	1356	8
Andel	3729	3
Angstrom	1737	10
Anguis (Mare)	43a	6
Ansgarius	4760	4
Apennines	903	5; 10
Apianus	3513	3
Apollonius	66	4
Arago	536	5
Aratus	895	5
Archimedes	1144	10
Archytas	971	7
Argaeus (Mt.)	517	5
Argelander	3559	3
Ariadaeus	563	5
Ariadaeus Cleft	571a	5
Aristarchus	1755	9
Aristillus	917	5
Aristoteles	710	7
Arnold	686	7
Arzachel	3040	12
Asclepi	3986	1
Atlas	437	7
Australe (Mare)	4531	1
Autolycus	909	5
Autumni (Mare)	2045b	11
Auwers	594	5
Azophi	3783	3
Azout	47	4
Babbage	1707	8
Baco	3888	1
Baillaud	998	7
Bailly	2648	14
Baily	659	7
Ball	3133	12
Banat (cape)	1436a	10
Barocius	3860	1
Barrow	1005	7
Bayer	2604	14
Beaumont	4154	3
Beer	1185	10
Behaim	4753	4; 2
Bellot	4338	4
Bernouilli	161	6
Berosus	145	6
Berzelius	364	6
Bessarion	1572	10; 11
Bessel	619	5
Bettinus	2682	14
Bianchini	1650	8
Biela	4511	1
Billy	2127	11
Biot	4396	2
Birmingham	1339	8
Birt	3063	12
Blagg	855	5
Blanc (Mt.)	951	7; 8
Blancanus	3254	14
Blanchinus	3531	3
Bode	1212	10
Boguslawsky	3916	1
Bohnenberger	4367	4
Bond (G.P.)	492	5
Bond (W.C.)	986	7
Bonpland	2867	12
Borda	4401	2
Boscovich	810	5
Bouguer	1671	8
Boussingault	3923	1
Bouvard	2240	13
Bradley (Mt.)	904	5; 10
Brayley	1578	10
Breislak	3861	1
Brenner	4461a	1
Briggs	1859	9
Brisbane	4540a	2; 1
Brown	2711	14
Bruce	857	5; 10
Buch	3834	1
Bullialdus	2813	12
Burckhardt	167	6
Bürg	647	7
Burnham	3562	3
Büsching	3840	1
Byrgius	2046	13
Byrgius Cleft	2057	13
Cabaeus	3319	14
Calippus	748	7
Campanus	2525	12
Capella	4275	3
Capuanus	2548	12
Cardanus	1916	11
Carlini	1390	10
Carpathians	1436	10
Carpenter	1692	8
Carrington	359	6
Casatus	3289	14
Cassini	929	7
Cassini (J. J.)	1341	8
Catharina	4167	3
Caucasus	767	5; 7
Cauchy	262	4; 5
Cavalerius	1937	11
Cavendish	2175	13
Cayley	561	5
Celsius	4045	3
Censorinus	4235	3; 5
Cepheus	390	7
Chacornac	503	5
Challis	1015	7
Chevallier	450	7
Chladni	865	5
Cichus	2760	12
Clairaut	3877	1
Clausius	2343	12; 14
Clavius	3232	14
Cleomedes	119	6
Cleostratus	1710	8
Colombo	4347	4
Condamine	1365	8
Condorcet	44	4
Conon	891	5
Cook	4373	4; 2
Copernicus	1481	10
Cordillera Mts	2029	11
Crisium (Mare)	82	4; 6
Crozier	4341	4
Crüger	2070	11; 13
Curtius	3355	1
Cusanus	675	7
Cuvier	3404	1
Cyrillus	4176	3
Cysatus	3267	14
Da Vinci	236a	4
Daguerre	4145	3
D'Alembert Mts	2020	11
Damoiseau	1987	11
Daniell	466	5
Darney	2831	12
D'Arrest	562	5
Darwin	2081	13
Davy	3003	12
Dawes	519	5
De Gasparis	2180	13
De la Rue	416	7
De Morgan	559	5
De Vico	2059	13
Debes	179	6
Dechen	1728	9
Delambre	3656	3
Delaunay	3541	3
Delisle	1593	10
Delmotte	125	6
Deluc	3218	14
Dembowsky	825	5
Democritus	676	7
Demonax	3915	1
Descartes	3716	3
Deseilligny	623	5
Deville (Pr.)	942	7; 8
Dionysius	553	5
Diophantus	1589	10
Doerfel Mts.	2660	14
Dollond	3722	3
Donati	3547	3
Doppelmayer	2376	12
Dove	4002	1
Draper	1411	10
Drebbel	2330	14
Dunthorne	2562	12
Egede	964	7
Eichstädt	2034	13
Eimmart	34	6
Elger	2559	12
Encke	1638	10; 11
Endymion	403	7
Epidemiarum (Palus)	2572b	12
Epigenes	1040	8
Epimenides	2591	14
Eratosthenes	1271	10
Euclides	2461	12
Euctemon	997	7
Eudoxus	726	7
Euler	1583	10
Fabricius	4469	1
Faraday	3451	1
Fauth	1482	10
Faye	3545	3
Fermat	3800	3
Fernelius	3455	1
Feuillé	1186	10
Firmicus	56	4
Flammarion	2950	12
Flamsteed	2443	11
Foecunditatis (M.)	4655	4; 2
Fontana	2105	11
Fontenelle	1323	8
Foucault	1659	8
Fourier	2200	13
Fra Mauro	2897	12
Fracastor	4117	3
Franklin	374	7
Franz	214a	4
Fraunhofer	4560	2
Fresnel (Cape)	792	5
Frigoris (Mare)	709	7; 8
Furnerius	4575	2
Galilaei	1843	11
Galle	725	7
Galvani	1726	9
Gambart	1497	10
Gärtner	669	7
Gassendi	2389	13; 11
Gaudibert	4314	4; 3
Gauricus	2744	12
Gauss	148	6
Gay-Lussac	1437	10
Gay-Lussac (Sinus )	1440	10
Geber	3771	3
Geminus	320	6
Gemma Frisius	3819	3
Gérard	1885	9
Gioja	1018	7; 8
Glaisher	200	4
Goclenius	4325	4
Godin	828	5
Goldschmidt	1023	8
Goodacre	3825	3
Gould	2819a	12
Grimaldi	2002	11
Groves	463	7
Gruemberger	3263	14
Gruithuisen	1605	10
Guericke	2853	12
Gutenberg	4303	4
Gylden	2952	3; 12
Hadley (Mt.)	787	5
Haemus Mts.	586	5
Hagecius	3941	1
Hahn	141	6
Haidinger	2560	14
Hainzel	2573	14
Hall	494a	5
Halley	3595	3
Hanno	4525	1
Hansen	11	4
Hansteen	2117	11
Harbinger Mts.	1743	10
Harding	1875	9
Harpalus	1664	8
Hase	4622	2
Hausen	2259	14
Hecataeus	4745	2
Heinsius	2737	14
Heis	1601	10
Helicon	1299	8
Hell	3109	12
Helmholtz	3932	1
Henry (Fréres)	2177	13
Heraclides (Pr.)	1641	8
Heraclitus	3416	1
Hercules	452	7
Hercynian Mts.	1900	9
Herigonius	2425	12
Hermann	1985	11
Herodotus	1786	9
Herschel	2944	12
Herschel (Car.)	1602	10
Herschel (J.)	1686	8
Hesiodus	2776	12
Hevelius	1944	11
Hiemis (Mare)	1975a	11
Hind	3601	3
Hippalus	2511	12
Hipparchus	3605	3
Holden	4698	2
Hommel	3981	1
Hook	360	6
Horrebow	1677	8
Horrocks	3637	3
Hortensius	1519	10
Huggins	3151	14
Humboldt (W.)	4729	2
Humboldtianum (M.)	402	7
Humorum (Mare}	2388	12; 13
Huygens (Mt.)	1187	10
Hyginus	866	5
Hyginus Cleft	876	5
Hypatia	3665	3
Ideler	3864	1
Imbrium (Mare)	1295	8; 10
Inghirami	2247	13
Iridum (Sinus)	1647	8
Isidorus	4291	3
Jacobi	3375	1
Jansen	255	5
Janssen	4483	1
Julius Caesar	579	5
Jura	1649	8
Kaiser	3464	3; 1
Kane	696	7
Kant	3695	3
Kästner	4778	4
Kelvin (Cape)	2520a	12
Kepler	1554	11; 10
Kies	2802	12
Kinau	3370	1
Kirch	1132	8
Kircher	2675	14
Kirchhoff	310	5
Klaproth	3283	14
Klein	3578	3
König	2816	12
Krafft	1909	11
Krieger	1737a	9
Krusenstern	3530	3
Kunowsky	1535	10
Lacaille	3533	3
Lacroix	2321	13
Lade	3613a	3
Lagalla	2731	14
Lagrange	2216	13
Lahire	1396	10
Lalande	2917	12
Lambert	1401	10
Lamèch	729	7
Lamont	539	5
Landsberg	2480	12; 10
Langrenus	4677	4
Lapeyrouse	4767	4
Laplace (Prom.)	1305	8
Lassell	3021	12
Lavinium (Prom.)	100	4
Lavoisier	1889	9
Le Monnier	508	5
Lee	2371	12
Legendre	4715	2
Legentil	2665	14
Lehmann	2313	13
Leibnitz Mts.	3326	1
Lepaute	2564	12
Letronne	2431	11
Leverrier	1304	8
Lexell	3123	12
Licetus	3414	1
Lichtenberg	1867	9
Lick	111	4
Liebig	2148	13
Lilius	3394	1
Lindenau	4052	3
Linné	629	5
Lippershey	3066a	12
Littrow	279	5
Lockyer	4479	1
Loewy	2523	12
Lohrmann	1976	11
Lohse	4697	4
Longomontanus	2706	14
Louville	1620	8
Lubbock	4261	4
Lubiniezky	2829	12
Luther	491	5
Lyell	201	4
MacClure	4344	4
Maclaurin	4660	4
Maclear	535	5
Macrobius	180	6
Mädler	4222	3
Magelhaens	4335	4
Maginus	3203	14
Main	1016	7
Mairan	1611	8
Malapert	3322	1; 14
Mallet	4510	1
Manilius	794	5
Manners	537	5
Manzinus	3908	1
Maraldi	272	5
Marco Polo	1201	10
Marginis (Mare)	25a	4
Marinus	4550	2
Marius	1813	11
Marth	2565	12
Maskelyne	242	5
Mason	638	7
Maupertuis	1380	8
Maurolycus	3846	1
Maury	385	7; 5
Mayer (Chr.)	697	7
Mayer (T.)	1415	10
Medii( Sinus)	1241	3; 5;10
Mee	2591a	14
Menelaus	591	5
Mercator	2536	12
Mercurius	396	6
Mersenius	2147	13
Messala	332	6
Messier	4254	4
Metius	4461	1
Meton	988	7
Milichius	1529	10
Miller	3161	1; 14
Mitchell	721	7
Moestlin	1542b	11
Moigno	683	7
Moltke	3667	3; 5
Monge	4375	2
Montanari	2729a	14
Moretus	3275	14
Mortis (Lacus)	658	7
Mösting	2932	12; 10
Mouchez	1028a	8
Müller	3618	3
Murchison	858	5; 10
Mutus	3899	1
Nasireddin	3162	1; 14
Nasmyth	2274	14
Naumann	1874	9
Neander	4418	3
Nearch	3950	1
Nebularum (Palus)	922	7
Nectaris (Mare)	4153	3
Neison	990	7
Neper	6	4
Neumayer	3931	1
Newcomb	311	6; 5
Newton	3306	14
Nicolai	4003	1
Nicollet	3055	12
Nöggerath	2275	14
Nonius	3459	3
Novum (Mare)	140a	6
Nubium (Mare)	2801	12
OEnopides	1712	8
OErsted	394	7
Oken	4545	2
Olbers	1927	11
Olivium (Prom.)	99	4
Opelt	2852	12
Oppolzer	2951	12; 3
Oriani	28	6
Orontius	3150	14
Palisa	3006	12
Palitzsch	4630	2
Pallas	1225	10
Palmieri	2205	13
Parrot	3563	3
Parry	2879	12
Parvum (Mare)	2257a	13
Peirce	115	6; 4
Peirescius	4542	2
Pentland	3362	1
Petavius	4636	2
Petermann	694	7
Peters	695	7
Phillips	4741	2
Philolaus	1342	8
Phocylides	2269	14
Piazzi	2229	13
Piazzi Smyth	1125	8
Picard	106	4
Piccolomini	4074	3
Pickering (E.)	3607	3
Pickering (W.H.)	4255	4
Pico	1112	8
Pictet	3176	14
Pietrosul Bay	1459a	10
Pingré	2258	14
Pitatus	2784	12
Pitiscus	3991	1
Piton	1128	8; 7
Plana	644	7
Plato	1062	8
Playfair	3523	3
Plinius	520	5
Plutarch	26	6
Poisson	3501	3
Polybius	4107	3
Pons	4096	3
Pontanus	3809	3
Pontécoulant	4517	1
Posidonius	468	5
Prinz	1754a	9
Procellarum (0c.)	1831	11
Proclus	198	4
Proctor	3213	14
Protagoras	985	7
Ptolemäus	2962	12
Puiseux	2382	12
Purbach	3082	12
Putredinis (Pa.)	908	5; 10
Pyrenees	4302	4
Pythagoras	1697	8
Pytheas	1406	10
Rabbi Levi	4032	3
Ramsden	2561	12
Réaumur	3639	3
Regiomontanus	3100	12
Regnault	1727	8
Reichenbach	4408	2
Reimarus	4503	1; 2
Reiner	1832	11
Reinhold	1510	10
Repsold	1721	9; 8
Rhaeticus	833	5; 3
Rheita	4441	1; 2;3
Rheita Valley	4460a	1; 2
Riccioli	1961	11
Riccius	4017	1; 3
Riphaeus	2489	12
Ritchey	3580	3
Ritter	542	5
Robinson	1684	8
Rocca	2021	11
Römer	291	5
Rook Mts.	2045	13
Roris (Sinus)	1734	8
Rosenberger	3957	1
Ross	531	5
Rosse	4143	3
Rost	2619	14
Rothmann	4053	3
Rümker	1881a	9
Rutherfurd	3233	14
Sabine	540	5
Sacrobosco	3788	3
Santbech	4383	2
Sasserides	3139	14
Saunder	3621a	3
Saussure	3164	14
Scheiner	2693	14
Schiaparelli	1811	9
Schickard	2294	13; 14
Schiller	2597	14
Schmidt	552	5; 3
Schneckenberg	872	5
Schomberger	3333	1
Schröter	1249	10
Schröter's Valley	1810a	9
Schubert	1	4
Schumacher	355	6
Schwabe	674	7
Scoresby	1013	7
Secchi	237	4
Seeliger	3610	3
Segner	2633	14
Seleucus	1849	9
Seneca	137	6
Serao	1285	10
Serenitatis (M.)	636	5
Sharp	1628	8
Sheepshanks	698	7
Short	3312	14
Shuckburgh	363	7
Silberschlag	816	5
Simpelius	3342	1
Sina	260	5
Sirsalis	2082	11
Sirsalis Cleft	2103	11
Smythii (Mare)	4789	4
Snellius	4613	2
Sömmering	1242	10; 12
Somnii (Palus)	214	4
Somniorum (Lacus)	637	7; 5
Sosigenes	572	5
South	1706	8
Spallanzani	4008	1
Spitzbergen	1132a	10
Sporer	2945	12
Spumans(Mare)	65a	4
Stadius	1465	10
Steinheil	4500	1
Stevinus	4602	2
Stiborius	4062	3
Stöfler	3429	1
Strabo	421	7
Straight Range	1322	8
Straight Wall	3076	12
Street	3195	14
Struve	346	6
Struve (Otto)	1901	9
Suess	1835a	11
Sulpicius Gallus	606	5
Tacitus	3759	3
Tannerus	3894	1
Taquet	587	5
Taruntius	215	4
Taurus	518	5
Taylor	3686	3
Tempel	824a	5
Teneriffe Mts.	1111	8
Thales	427	7
Theaetetus	923	7; 5
Thebit	3070	12
Theon Junior	3651	3
Theon Senior	3648	3
Theophilus	4195	3
Timaeus	1051	8; 7
Timocharis	1296	10
Timoleon	137a	6
Tisserand	184	6
Torricelli	4224	3
Tralles	176	6
Tranquillitatis (M.)	254	5; 4
Triesnecker	846	5
Trouvelot	968	7
Turner	2922	12
Tycho	3182	14
Ukert	879	5
Ulugh Beigh	1896	9
Undarum (Mare)	81d	4
Ural	2469	12
Vaporum (Mare)	890	5
Vasco da Gama	1922	11
Vega	4532	2
Vendelinus	4696	4
Veris(Mare)	2045a	11
Vieta	2190	13
Vitello	2353	12
Vitruvius	266	5
Vlacq	3967	1
Vogel	3560	3
Wallace	1294	10
Walter	3466	3; 12
Wargentin	2287	14
Watt	4499	1
Webb	4656	4
Weigel	2626	14
Weinek	4419	3
Weiss	2769a	12
Werner	3482	3
Whewell	560	5
Wichmann	2457	11; 12
Wilhelm I	2721	14
Wilkins	4102f	3
Williams	460b	7
Wilson	2667	14
Wöhler	4064	1
Wolf (Max)	3058	12
Wolf (Mt.)	1284	10
Wollaston	1736	9
Wrottesley	4653	2
Wurzelbauer	2752	12
Xenophanes	1718	8
Yerkes	114	4
Young	4446	1; 2
Zach	3384	1
Zagut	4046	3
Zeno	354	6
Zollner	3996	3
Zuchius	2640	14
Zupus	2139	11; 13

---