Named Lunar Formations Text

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The following is a transcription of the introductory text to Blagg and Müller's Named Lunar Formations -- the original version of the IAU-approved lunar nomenclature, courtesy of the copy on the Digital Library of India. Horizontal lines indicate page breaks. A typical page from the catalog is reproduced at the end.


UNION ASTRONOMIQUE INTERNATIONALE
(International Astronomical Union)

NAMED LUNAR FORMATIONS


by

MARY A. BLAGG

and

K. MÜLLER

Drawn up by them for Commission 17 and
approved at the Meeting of the Union held
at Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1932.

Made and Printed by Replika Process
in Great Britain by

PERCY LUND, HUMPHRIES & CO. LTD.

12 BEDFORD SQUARE

LONDON, W.C.I

1935


III

INTRODUCTION.


The desirability of uniformity in the nomenclature of lunar formations was brought before the Royal Astronomical Society by Mr. S.A. Saunder so long ago as 1905. Thereupon Prof. Turner brought up the matter before the Royal ociety,and, as representing that body, before the International Association of Academies which met at Vienna in 1907. A Committee was appointed consisting of MM. Loewy (Chairman), Franz, Newcomb, Saunder, Weiss and Turner (Secretary), The name of Prof. W.H.Pickering was added - and after the death of M. Loewy, MM. Baillaud and Puiseux were added to the Committee. Before his death, Saunder had happily secured the co-operation of Miss M.A.Blagg in collating the names given to different formations in the maps of Beer and Madler, Schmidt and Nelson, This was admirably carried out by Miss Blagg and a collated list was published in 1913 with the aid of a grant from the Academic des Sciences.

When the International Astronomical Union was constituted the question of Lunar Nomenclature was referred to Commission 17 consisting of Prof. Turner (President), Miss Blagg, MM. G. Bigourdan, W.H.Pickering and P.Puiseux. The Commission recommended that;-

  • (1) The names in the collated list to be taken when the three authorities agree or from any one of them when the others give no name,


  • (2) When different names are given, each case to be decided on its merits.


  • (3) Names recently given and suggested names to be sparingly adopted.*


    • * Transactions of International Astronomical Union Vol. II p. 54.



IV

At the Leiden meeting in 1928, lists of 412 names where Mädler, Schmidt and Neison agree, and of 95 names generally accepted, though not used by all three, were submitted by Miss Blagg and approved by the Commission. Lists of 86 doubtful or inconspicuous objects and of 31 formations where names clash, were left over for consideration. Also lists of names proposed by Krieger, Müller, Wilkins and Lamèch, were prepared by Dr. Müller - a most useful supplement to the "Collated List." At this meeting, Prof. E.W. Brown was elected as President of the Commission and a sub-Committee consisting of Miss Blagg and Dr. Müller was appointed to prepare a definitive list of names for submission at the next meeting.

At Dr. Müller's suggestion many small, formations measured by Franz and Saunder were added to the "Collated List." These served the purpose of accurately defining the boundaries of larger formations. A number of indefinite objects were omitted. As regards the names given by later selenographers, those suggested by Fauth, Krieger, Müller, have been generally adopted, those by Lamèch more, sparingly,but his suggestions are given in the notes. Wilkins' names in his earlier map (1924) were accepted but not the new ones in his 500-in. map.

The proposals of the sub-Committee were adopted by Commission 17 at Cambridge (Mass.) in 1932. At the General Assembly provision was made for the publication of this definitive list of adopted names.

These names should be strictly adhered to by selenographers. Those who may wish to add new names should ascertain from the list whether the proposed names have been already given to other formations. Also no new name should be given to a formation already named in the list.


V

Otherwise new confusions will arise similar to those which have with difficulty been cleared away.

The list has been reproduced by a photographic process, and the Commission is indebted to the Astronomer Royal for the preparation of the type-script at the Royal Observatory.

The Commission is deeply grateful to Miss Blagg, and Dr. Müller for the large amount of time and thought they have given to this work. Constant correspondence on all points of difficulty has been made by the two compilers, and after interchange of tracings, arguments and measurements, an agreed decision has been reached. They have, as far as possible, kept in touch with other selenographers. As Chairman of the Commission, I have supported M. Lamèch's suggestion that the names of Blagg and Müller should be given to two lunar formations and over-ruled the objections made by Miss Blagg and Dr. Müller. I am confident the Commission will approve of my action.

At the same time our indebtedness to former members of the Commission should not be overlooked. In particular, Saunder and Turner initiated this work and it was largely through their indefatigable zeal and perseverance that it has been carried through.

F.W.DYSON.




VII

Explanation of Columns.


Col. I gives the number of the object in the Collated List. Gaps in the numbering indicate the rejection of indefinite or doubtful objects. Many rills are thus omitted. Where a formation not in that List is here included, a number followed by a small Roman letter is interpolated. Thus newly added formations are distinguished from the old. The introduction of a large number of the small formations measured by Saunder and Franz (about 80%) is considered to be justified by their importance as fixed points in the lunar disc. None are included which are not clearly visible in good photographs, or which are lees in apparent diameter than 1/500 of the semi-diameter of the Moon's disc. We have also not included such of Franz's measured points as are entirely beyond the limb in mean libration. Where there were a number of measured objects near together we have given a few of the more conspicuous ones only. From Goodacre's newly lettered objects we have selected such as appeared clearly defined in photographs.

Col. II gives the chosen designation. In deciding on it we have tried to act in general accordance with the proposals approved by the Commission, on the following principles.

  • (1) When a formation has a proper name already generally accepted this name is retained. Some other names are added which have been adopted or proposed "by later selenographers; a few names of astronomers now living being included in appreciation of their work in connection with the Moon. Other proposed names, though not adopted, are mentioned in notes.
  • (2) In regard to names, letters or prefixes which



VIII

  • clash, we have in the main chosen the earlier given name or letter, adopting the order as follows:- Mädler, Nelson, Schmidt, Lohrmann, Gaudibert, Elger, Fauth, Pickering, Franz, Goodacre, Krieger-König, Debes, Wilkins, Andel, Lamèch and we have chosen that prefix which appeared the most reasonable. The last point is important in view of the possible future delimitation of areas. Mountain names, such as "Alps", are here given in English, but would be used by each astronomer in his own language.


  • (3) In accordance with the Report accepted at Leiden, eminences are given small Greek letters only, and, depressions (craters, valleys etc.) capital Roman letters only. To avoid duplication of letters under any individually named formation, we have (a) when it could, reasonably be done, changed the prefix-name for one of the duplicated letters, or (b) when that could not reasonably be done, changed one of the letters themselves. Such changes are noted. When a large number of new letters come under any named formation, the alphabetical order of our new letters usually follows the plan of Saunder's catalogue. In a few cases two letters are used (as AA, AB) when the. new crater is a small one adjacent to the larger one bearing the first bf the two letters. It is suggested that selenographers who wish to distinguish some other small object near to a lettered one should, act similarly, out use a small Roman letter (as Aa) to show that the object is not in this List. Rills have Roman numbers, followed by r, as Ir, IIr.


  • (4) The prefixes are given in abbreviated form of 2 to 6 letters using the first 2 or 3 letters of the name, followed if needful by later ones, not always those next



IX
  • succeeding, in such a way as to suggest the particular name rather than any other; e.g. Anxan = Anaximander; Anxes = Anaximenes; Anxor = Anaxagoras. The use of these abbreviations is optional, but they might form a basis if it should be desired to adopt a system of authorised abbreviations.


Col III gives the position of the formation;- in the majority of cases by the co-ordinates ⁵ [Xi] and ⁵ [Eta], in agreement with the Sannder and Franz measures and with the accompanying maps. The unit is *00lr = 1000th. of the semi-diameter of the Moon's disc in mean libration. Occasionally, for objects not measured by Franz or Saunder we have adopted König's measures. These have not been published and were not available when the maps were drawn, but they are found to agree remarkably well with our positions on the whole. In cases where the co-ordinates are not given, the position is indicated by reference to some other formation. (These indications are independent of those in the Collated List, which in a few cases are in error.) Abbreviations are:-

  • N, NW etc. for points of the compass; f = far, n = near, o or out = outer, fr = from, w = wall, ct = centre, v = very. Thus SWw 1850 means South-West wall of number 1850. If no number is mentioned the formation prefixed is to be understood. Co-ordinates refer to the apparent central point, unless otherwise stated.


Col. IV supplies further aid to identification by giving the character of the formations. These are indicated by the following symbols :-

(explanatory graphic interpolated from page 1 of the Catalog)

  • NLF_page_1_TableOfSymbols_cropped.GIF


  • (a) Valleys
    • Vallées
    • Thaler
    • Vallate



X

  • (b) Rills, Clefts, Cracks, Riverbeds
    • Rainures
    • Rillen, Schluchten
    • Solchi, Speccaturi
    • (The approximate direction is indicated)


  • (c) Single hills, Peaks
    • Collines, Pics
    • Hügel, Beulen, Spitzen, Einzelberge
    • Picchi


  • (d) Ridges, Chains, Plateaux
    • Ridements, Chatnes, Plateaux
    • Rücken, Ketten, Hochebenen
    • Giogaie, Catene, Altipiani


  • (e) Maria and similar features
    • Mers etc.
    • Maria etc.
    • Mari etc.


  • (f) Confluent twin craters
    • Crateres jumeaux
    • Zwillings Krater - nicht volständig von einander getrennt
    • Crateri Gemelli


  • (g) Irregular and indistinctly walled plains
    • Plaines cratèriformes irrégulières et mal définies
    • Wallebenen auch unregelmässige und weniger bestimmt begrenzte Einsenkungen, Kaare
    • Piazze


  • (h) Formations not fully enclosed, bays or gulfs
    • Baies, Golfes
    • Sinbuchtungen, Buchten, Busen



XI
    • Baie, Golfi


  • (i) Walled Craters, Holes, Ring plains
    • Cratères et orifices entourés de murs et nettement définis
    • Gut umwallte eigentliche Krater, Ringgebirge and Löcher
    • Crateri, Cerchi


    • For the last class the largest apparent diameter is also given approximately the unit being *001r. Although close precision is not practicable these figures are sufficient guide to prevent mistakes in identification of formations with nearly the same co-ordinates.


Col. V No. in Saunder's Catalogue.

Col. VI No. in Franz's Catalogue.

Col. VII gives as 'Authority' the first giver or proposer of the name or letter. When a named object has previously been known by a letter, that letter and its author are also noted. Mädler's designations were usually followed by Neison, and largely also by Schmidt and by later writers. Goodacre's new letters are in most cases used also by Wilkins. Abbreviations are: An = Andel; De = Debes; Fa = Fauth; Fr or Frz = Franz; Gau = Gaudibert; G or Goo = Goodacre; Hev = Hevelius; Kö = König, Kr = Krieger; Lam Lamèch; Lo = Lohrmann; M or Mä = Mädler; Mü = Müller; N = Neison; Ric = Riccioli; Sa = Saunder; S or Sch = Schmidt; Schr = Schröter.; Wi = Wilkins; C.L. = Collated List; Com. = Commission.



ERRATA


  • 267 Insert Sa No. 2782

  • 354 For Fr(l) read Fr(i)

  • 1363 For -130 read -180

  • 1457 For +254 read +264

  • 1479 For -240 +267 read -268 +244

  • 1995a For -92 read -82

  • 2050 For -859 -412 read -856 -408

  • 2055 For NW read SW

  • 2055 / 2056 For Byr. read Dar.

  • 2591 For S(M,C) read S;M(C)

  • 3007 Add note: Not exactly the e of M and S.

  • 4526a For Fr(M) read Fr(M.Austr.r)




Sample Page

[The following thumbnail links to a copy of page 2 from the catalog following the preceding text. It may be compared to the comparable pages from the Collated List of 1913.]

  • external image NLF_page_2.GIF <-- (click to see full size)





INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.

[The original index is printed in three columns over four pages. The links under "No." are to external scanned copies of the relevant catalog pages in TIFF format. In browsers such as Mozilla/Firefox you can set the application used to open them under "Tools" -- some applications work better than others. The links under "Map" are to local Wiki pages with scans of the original reference maps, but only 1-3 and 14 are currently on-lin.]

Name
No.
Map

Abenezra

3778

3

Abulfeda

3735

3

Acherusia (Pr.)

585

5

Adams

4726

2

AEnarium (Pr.)

3039

12

AEstatis (Mare)

2028a

11

AEstuum (Sinus)

1270

10

Agarum (Prom.)

39

4

Agassiz (Pr.)

943

7; 8

Agatharchides

2490

12

Agrippa

821

5

Airy

3549

3

Albategnius

3577

3

Alexander

746

7

Alfraganus

3680

3

Alhazen

14

4

Aliacensis

3492

3

Almanon

3751

3

Alpetragius

3027

12

Alphonsus

2986

12

Alpine Valley

944

7

Alps

950

7; 8

Altai Mts

4106

3

Ampère

1188

10

Anaxagoras

1026

8

Anaximander

1687

8

Anaximenes

1356

8

Andel

3729

3

Angstrom

1737

10

Anguis (Mare)

43a

6

Ansgarius

4760

4

Apennines

903

5; 10

Apianus

3513

3

Apollonius

66

4

Arago

536

5

Aratus

895

5

Archimedes

1144

10

Archytas

971

7

Argaeus (Mt.)

517

5

Argelander

3559

3

Ariadaeus

563

5

Ariadaeus Cleft

571a

5

Aristarchus

1755

9

Aristillus

917

5

Aristoteles

710

7

Arnold

686

7

Arzachel

3040

12

Asclepi

3986

1

Atlas

437

7

Australe (Mare)

4531

1

Autolycus

909

5

Autumni (Mare)

2045b

11

Auwers

594

5

Azophi

3783

3

Azout

47

4

Babbage

1707

8

Baco

3888

1

Baillaud

998

7

Bailly

2648

14

Baily

659

7

Ball

3133

12

Banat (cape)

1436a

10

Barocius

3860

1

Barrow

1005

7

Bayer

2604

14

Beaumont

4154

3

Beer

1185

10

Behaim

4753

4; 2

Bellot

4338

4

Bernouilli

161

6

Berosus

145

6

Berzelius

364

6

Bessarion

1572

10; 11

Bessel

619

5

Bettinus

2682

14

Bianchini

1650

8

Biela

4511

1

Billy

2127

11

Biot

4396

2

Birmingham

1339

8

Birt

3063

12

Blagg

855

5

Blanc (Mt.)

951

7; 8

Blancanus

3254

14

Blanchinus

3531

3

Bode

1212

10

Boguslawsky

3916

1

Bohnenberger

4367

4

Bond (G.P.)

492

5

Bond (W.C.)

986

7

Bonpland

2867

12

Borda

4401

2

Boscovich

810

5

Bouguer

1671

8

Boussingault

3923

1

Bouvard

2240

13

Bradley (Mt.)

904

5; 10

Brayley

1578

10

Breislak

3861

1

Brenner

4461a

1

Briggs

1859

9

Brisbane

4540a

2; 1

Brown

2711

14

Bruce

857

5; 10

Buch

3834

1

Bullialdus

2813

12

Burckhardt

167

6

Bürg

647

7

Burnham

3562

3

Büsching

3840

1

Byrgius

2046

13

Byrgius Cleft

2057

13

Cabaeus

3319

14

Calippus

748

7

Campanus

2525

12

Capella

4275

3

Capuanus

2548

12

Cardanus

1916

11

Carlini

1390

10

Carpathians

1436

10

Carpenter

1692

8

Carrington

359

6

Casatus

3289

14

Cassini

929

7

Cassini (J. J.)

1341

8

Catharina

4167

3

Caucasus

767

5; 7

Cauchy

262

4; 5

Cavalerius

1937

11

Cavendish

2175

13

Cayley

561

5

Celsius

4045

3

Censorinus

4235

3; 5

Cepheus

390

7

Chacornac

503

5

Challis

1015

7

Chevallier

450

7

Chladni

865

5

Cichus

2760

12

Clairaut

3877

1

Clausius

2343

12; 14

Clavius

3232

14

Cleomedes

119

6

Cleostratus

1710

8

Colombo

4347

4

Condamine

1365

8

Condorcet

44

4

Conon

891

5

Cook

4373

4; 2

Copernicus

1481

10

Cordillera Mts

2029

11

Crisium (Mare)

82

4; 6

Crozier

4341

4

Crüger

2070

11; 13

Curtius

3355

1

Cusanus

675

7

Cuvier

3404

1

Cyrillus

4176

3

Cysatus

3267

14

Da Vinci

236a

4

Daguerre

4145

3

D'Alembert Mts

2020

11

Damoiseau

1987

11

Daniell

466

5

Darney

2831

12

D'Arrest

562

5

Darwin

2081

13

Davy

3003

12

Dawes

519

5

De Gasparis

2180

13

De la Rue

416

7

De Morgan

559

5

De Vico

2059

13

Debes

179

6

Dechen

1728

9

Delambre

3656

3

Delaunay

3541

3

Delisle

1593

10

Delmotte

125

6

Deluc

3218

14

Dembowsky

825

5

Democritus

676

7

Demonax

3915

1

Descartes

3716

3

Deseilligny

623

5

Deville (Pr.)

942

7; 8

Dionysius

553

5

Diophantus

1589

10

Doerfel Mts.

2660

14

Dollond

3722

3

Donati

3547

3

Doppelmayer

2376

12

Dove

4002

1

Draper

1411

10

Drebbel

2330

14

Dunthorne

2562

12

Egede

964

7

Eichstädt

2034

13

Eimmart

34

6

Elger

2559

12

Encke

1638

10; 11

Endymion

403

7

Epidemiarum (Palus)

2572b

12

Epigenes

1040

8

Epimenides

2591

14

Eratosthenes

1271

10

Euclides

2461

12

Euctemon

997

7

Eudoxus

726

7

Euler

1583

10

Fabricius

4469

1

Faraday

3451

1

Fauth

1482

10

Faye

3545

3

Fermat

3800

3

Fernelius

3455

1

Feuillé

1186

10

Firmicus

56

4

Flammarion

2950

12

Flamsteed

2443

11

Foecunditatis (M.)

4655

4; 2

Fontana

2105

11

Fontenelle

1323

8

Foucault

1659

8

Fourier

2200

13

Fra Mauro

2897

12

Fracastor

4117

3

Franklin

374

7

Franz

214a

4

Fraunhofer

4560

2

Fresnel (Cape)

792

5

Frigoris (Mare)

709

7; 8

Furnerius

4575

2

Galilaei

1843

11

Galle

725

7

Galvani

1726

9

Gambart

1497

10

Gärtner

669

7

Gassendi

2389

13; 11

Gaudibert

4314

4; 3

Gauricus

2744

12

Gauss

148

6

Gay-Lussac

1437

10

Gay-Lussac (Sinus )

1440

10

Geber

3771

3

Geminus

320

6

Gemma Frisius

3819

3

Gérard

1885

9

Gioja

1018

7; 8

Glaisher

200

4

Goclenius

4325

4

Godin

828

5

Goldschmidt

1023

8

Goodacre

3825

3

Gould

2819a

12

Grimaldi

2002

11

Groves

463

7

Gruemberger

3263

14

Gruithuisen

1605

10

Guericke

2853

12

Gutenberg

4303

4

Gylden

2952

3; 12

Hadley (Mt.)

787

5

Haemus Mts.

586

5

Hagecius

3941

1

Hahn

141

6

Haidinger

2560

14

Hainzel

2573

14

Hall

494a

5

Halley

3595

3

Hanno

4525

1

Hansen

11

4

Hansteen

2117

11

Harbinger Mts.

1743

10

Harding

1875

9

Harpalus

1664

8

Hase

4622

2

Hausen

2259

14

Hecataeus

4745

2

Heinsius

2737

14

Heis

1601

10

Helicon

1299

8

Hell

3109

12

Helmholtz

3932

1

Henry (Fréres)

2177

13

Heraclides (Pr.)

1641

8

Heraclitus

3416

1

Hercules

452

7

Hercynian Mts.

1900

9

Herigonius

2425

12

Hermann

1985

11

Herodotus

1786

9

Herschel

2944

12

Herschel (Car.)

1602

10

Herschel (J.)

1686

8

Hesiodus

2776

12

Hevelius

1944

11

Hiemis (Mare)

1975a

11

Hind

3601

3

Hippalus

2511

12

Hipparchus

3605

3

Holden

4698

2

Hommel

3981

1

Hook

360

6

Horrebow

1677

8

Horrocks

3637

3

Hortensius

1519

10

Huggins

3151

14

Humboldt (W.)

4729

2

Humboldtianum (M.)

402

7

Humorum (Mare}

2388

12; 13

Huygens (Mt.)

1187

10

Hyginus

866

5

Hyginus Cleft

876

5

Hypatia

3665

3

Ideler

3864

1

Imbrium (Mare)

1295

8; 10

Inghirami

2247

13

Iridum (Sinus)

1647

8

Isidorus

4291

3

Jacobi

3375

1

Jansen

255

5

Janssen

4483

1

Julius Caesar

579

5

Jura

1649

8

Kaiser

3464

3; 1

Kane

696

7

Kant

3695

3

Kästner

4778

4

Kelvin (Cape)

2520a

12

Kepler

1554

11; 10

Kies

2802

12

Kinau

3370

1

Kirch

1132

8

Kircher

2675

14

Kirchhoff

310

5

Klaproth

3283

14

Klein

3578

3

König

2816

12

Krafft

1909

11

Krieger

1737a

9

Krusenstern

3530

3

Kunowsky

1535

10

Lacaille

3533

3

Lacroix

2321

13

Lade

3613a

3

Lagalla

2731

14

Lagrange

2216

13

Lahire

1396

10

Lalande

2917

12

Lambert

1401

10

Lamèch

729

7

Lamont

539

5

Landsberg

2480

12; 10

Langrenus

4677

4

Lapeyrouse

4767

4

Laplace (Prom.)

1305

8

Lassell

3021

12

Lavinium (Prom.)

100

4

Lavoisier

1889

9

Le Monnier

508

5

Lee

2371

12

Legendre

4715

2

Legentil

2665

14

Lehmann

2313

13

Leibnitz Mts.

3326

1

Lepaute

2564

12

Letronne

2431

11

Leverrier

1304

8

Lexell

3123

12

Licetus

3414

1

Lichtenberg

1867

9

Lick

111

4

Liebig

2148

13

Lilius

3394

1

Lindenau

4052

3

Linné

629

5

Lippershey

3066a

12

Littrow

279

5

Lockyer

4479

1

Loewy

2523

12

Lohrmann

1976

11

Lohse

4697

4

Longomontanus

2706

14

Louville

1620

8

Lubbock

4261

4

Lubiniezky

2829

12

Luther

491

5

Lyell

201

4

MacClure

4344

4

Maclaurin

4660

4

Maclear

535

5

Macrobius

180

6

Mädler

4222

3

Magelhaens

4335

4

Maginus

3203

14

Main

1016

7

Mairan

1611

8

Malapert

3322

1; 14

Mallet

4510

1

Manilius

794

5

Manners

537

5

Manzinus

3908

1

Maraldi

272

5

Marco Polo

1201

10

Marginis (Mare)

25a

4

Marinus

4550

2

Marius

1813

11

Marth

2565

12

Maskelyne

242

5

Mason

638

7

Maupertuis

1380

8

Maurolycus

3846

1

Maury

385

7; 5

Mayer (Chr.)

697

7

Mayer (T.)

1415

10

Medii( Sinus)

1241

3; 5;10

Mee

2591a

14

Menelaus

591

5

Mercator

2536

12

Mercurius

396

6

Mersenius

2147

13

Messala

332

6

Messier

4254

4

Metius

4461

1

Meton

988

7

Milichius

1529

10

Miller

3161

1; 14

Mitchell

721

7

Moestlin

1542b

11

Moigno

683

7

Moltke

3667

3; 5

Monge

4375

2

Montanari

2729a

14

Moretus

3275

14

Mortis (Lacus)

658

7

Mösting

2932

12; 10

Mouchez

1028a

8

Müller

3618

3

Murchison

858

5; 10

Mutus

3899

1

Nasireddin

3162

1; 14

Nasmyth

2274

14

Naumann

1874

9

Neander

4418

3

Nearch

3950

1

Nebularum (Palus)

922

7

Nectaris (Mare)

4153

3

Neison

990

7

Neper

6

4

Neumayer

3931

1

Newcomb

311

6; 5

Newton

3306

14

Nicolai

4003

1

Nicollet

3055

12

Nöggerath

2275

14

Nonius

3459

3

Novum (Mare)

140a

6

Nubium (Mare)

2801

12

OEnopides

1712

8

OErsted

394

7

Oken

4545

2

Olbers

1927

11

Olivium (Prom.)

99

4

Opelt

2852

12

Oppolzer

2951

12; 3

Oriani

28

6

Orontius

3150

14

Palisa

3006

12

Palitzsch

4630

2

Pallas

1225

10

Palmieri

2205

13

Parrot

3563

3

Parry

2879

12

Parvum (Mare)

2257a

13

Peirce

115

6; 4

Peirescius

4542

2

Pentland

3362

1

Petavius

4636

2

Petermann

694

7

Peters

695

7

Phillips

4741

2

Philolaus

1342

8

Phocylides

2269

14

Piazzi

2229

13

Piazzi Smyth

1125

8

Picard

106

4

Piccolomini

4074

3

Pickering (E.)

3607

3

Pickering (W.H.)

4255

4

Pico

1112

8

Pictet

3176

14

Pietrosul Bay

1459a

10

Pingré

2258

14

Pitatus

2784

12

Pitiscus

3991

1

Piton

1128

8; 7

Plana

644

7

Plato

1062

8

Playfair

3523

3

Plinius

520

5

Plutarch

26

6

Poisson

3501

3

Polybius

4107

3

Pons

4096

3

Pontanus

3809

3

Pontécoulant

4517

1

Posidonius

468

5

Prinz

1754a

9

Procellarum (0c.)

1831

11

Proclus

198

4

Proctor

3213

14

Protagoras

985

7

Ptolemäus

2962

12

Puiseux

2382

12

Purbach

3082

12

Putredinis (Pa.)

908

5; 10

Pyrenees

4302

4

Pythagoras

1697

8

Pytheas

1406

10

Rabbi Levi

4032

3

Ramsden

2561

12

Réaumur

3639

3

Regiomontanus

3100

12

Regnault

1727

8

Reichenbach

4408

2

Reimarus

4503

1; 2

Reiner

1832

11

Reinhold

1510

10

Repsold

1721

9; 8

Rhaeticus

833

5; 3

Rheita

4441

1; 2;3

Rheita Valley

4460a

1; 2

Riccioli

1961

11

Riccius

4017

1; 3

Riphaeus

2489

12

Ritchey

3580

3

Ritter

542

5

Robinson

1684

8

Rocca

2021

11

Römer

291

5

Rook Mts.

2045

13

Roris (Sinus)

1734

8

Rosenberger

3957

1

Ross

531

5

Rosse

4143

3

Rost

2619

14

Rothmann

4053

3

Rümker

1881a

9

Rutherfurd

3233

14

Sabine

540

5

Sacrobosco

3788

3

Santbech

4383

2

Sasserides

3139

14

Saunder

3621a

3

Saussure

3164

14

Scheiner

2693

14

Schiaparelli

1811

9

Schickard

2294

13; 14

Schiller

2597

14

Schmidt

552

5; 3

Schneckenberg

872

5

Schomberger

3333

1

Schröter

1249

10

Schröter's Valley

1810a

9

Schubert

1

4

Schumacher

355

6

Schwabe

674

7

Scoresby

1013

7

Secchi

237

4

Seeliger

3610

3

Segner

2633

14

Seleucus

1849

9

Seneca

137

6

Serao

1285

10

Serenitatis (M.)

636

5

Sharp

1628

8

Sheepshanks

698

7

Short

3312

14

Shuckburgh

363

7

Silberschlag

816

5

Simpelius

3342

1

Sina

260

5

Sirsalis

2082

11

Sirsalis Cleft

2103

11

Smythii (Mare)

4789

4

Snellius

4613

2

Sömmering

1242

10; 12

Somnii (Palus)

214

4

Somniorum (Lacus)

637

7; 5

Sosigenes

572

5

South

1706

8

Spallanzani

4008

1

Spitzbergen

1132a

10

Sporer

2945

12

Spumans(Mare)

65a

4

Stadius

1465

10

Steinheil

4500

1

Stevinus

4602

2

Stiborius

4062

3

Stöfler

3429

1

Strabo

421

7

Straight Range

1322

8

Straight Wall

3076

12

Street

3195

14

Struve

346

6

Struve (Otto)

1901

9

Suess

1835a

11

Sulpicius Gallus

606

5

Tacitus

3759

3

Tannerus

3894

1

Taquet

587

5

Taruntius

215

4

Taurus

518

5

Taylor

3686

3

Tempel

824a

5

Teneriffe Mts.

1111

8

Thales

427

7

Theaetetus

923

7; 5

Thebit

3070

12

Theon Junior

3651

3

Theon Senior

3648

3

Theophilus

4195

3

Timaeus

1051

8; 7

Timocharis

1296

10

Timoleon

137a

6

Tisserand

184

6

Torricelli

4224

3

Tralles

176

6

Tranquillitatis (M.)

254

5; 4

Triesnecker

846

5

Trouvelot

968

7

Turner

2922

12

Tycho

3182

14

Ukert

879

5

Ulugh Beigh

1896

9

Undarum (Mare)

81d

4

Ural

2469

12

Vaporum (Mare)

890

5

Vasco da Gama

1922

11

Vega

4532

2

Vendelinus

4696

4

Veris(Mare)

2045a

11

Vieta

2190

13

Vitello

2353

12

Vitruvius

266

5

Vlacq

3967

1

Vogel

3560

3

Wallace

1294

10

Walter

3466

3; 12

Wargentin

2287

14

Watt

4499

1

Webb

4656

4

Weigel

2626

14

Weinek

4419

3

Weiss

2769a

12

Werner

3482

3

Whewell

560

5

Wichmann

2457

11; 12

Wilhelm I

2721

14

Wilkins

4102f

3

Williams

460b

7

Wilson

2667

14

Wöhler

4064

1

Wolf (Max)

3058

12

Wolf (Mt.)

1284

10

Wollaston

1736

9

Wrottesley

4653

2

Wurzelbauer

2752

12

Xenophanes

1718

8

Yerkes

114

4

Young

4446

1; 2

Zach

3384

1

Zagut

4046

3

Zeno

354

6

Zollner

3996

3

Zuchius

2640

14

Zupus

2139

11; 13